O-Chem and Chemical Reactions 4.2-4.3, 5.1-5.4, 8.4, 8.5

Question 1

Organic molecules contain carbon that can have how many bonds?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

The characteristic of an organic molecule is affected by its what?

Answer 2

Functional Groups

Question 3

Molecules that only contain C and H

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons

Question 4

Molecules that contain a hydroxyl functional group (OH)

Answer 4

Alcohols

Question 5

Small carbon chains are what?

Answer 5

hydrophilic

Question 6

Organic acids contain what?

Answer 6

Carboxyl (COOH)

Question 7

What contains an amino group?

Answer 7

(NH2)

Question 8

What contains an amino and a carboxyl group?

Answer 8

Amino acid

Question 9

Large molecules consisting of monomers

Answer 9

Polymer

Question 10

What is the process that bonds monomers together?

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis

Question 11

Removal of monomers from a polymer

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

3 Main groups of organic molecules

Answer 12

1. Carbohydrates
   2.Lipids
   3..Proteins

Question 13

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 13

Energy Storage
Stuctural compounds

Question 14

Molecule contains numerous hydroxyls (OH) and a carbonyl (=O)

Answer 14

Carbohydrate

Question 15

Two polymers of carbs for energy storage

Answer 15

Starch
Glycogen

Question 16

Polymer of carbs for structure

Answer 16

Cellulose

Question 17

Main structural component of animal exoskeletons and fungal cells

Answer 17

Chitin

Question 18

Hydrophobic organic compounds

Answer 18

Lipids

Question 19

Main functions of Lipids (4)

Answer 19

1. Energy storage
2. Membrane structure
3. Vitamins
4. Chemical signaling (hormones)

Question 20

Lipids made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Answer 20

Fats

Question 21

Two types of fatty acid chains

Answer 21

Saturated
Unsaturated

Question 22

How are fatty acid chains attatched to glycerol?

Answer 22

Dehydration

Question 23

Fats main and other functions

Answer 23

Main: energy storage
Other: Water proofing & temperature regulation

Question 24

Long carbon chain hydrophobic molecules used as water proof coating

Answer 24

Waxes

Question 25

Glycerol molecule with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Answer 25

Phospholipid

Question 26

What is the principle component of membranes?

Answer 26

Phospholipids

Question 27

Funcitons of lipids with ring structures (ie. cholesterol)? (4)

Answer 27

Pigments
Membrant structure
Vitamins
hormones (steroids)

Question 28

What is polymers of amino acids?

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

Amino acid side chains can be what 3 types of bonds?

Answer 29

Polar covalent
Covalent
Ionic

Question 30

What structure of protein is an amino acid sequencs?

Answer 30

Primary

Question 31

What structure of protein is a coiling or folding pattern?

Answer 31

Secondary

Question 32

What structure of protein is an overall 3 dimendional shape?

Answer 32

Tertiary

Question 33

What is the shape of a protein dependent on? (3)

Answer 33

1. Amino acid sequence
2. Enviromental conditions
3. Interactions with other molecules

Question 34

Functions of proteins? (5)

Answer 34

1. Movement
2. Defense (antibody)
3. Signaling (hormones)
4. Transport (hemoglobin)
5. Enzymes

Question 35

What control the rate of chemical reactions?

Answer 35

Enzymes

Question 36

What regulates rate of reactions?

Answer 36

Feedback control

Question 37

When concentration of product is high the enzyme copies are?

Answer 37

inactive : Low rate of reaction

Question 38

When concentration of product is low the enzyme copies are?

Answer 38

active : High rate of reaction

Question 39

Permanently changin the shape of a protein

Answer 39

Denaturing

Question 40

Denaturing of protein is caused by changes in what? (4)

Answer 40

pH
salt concentration
Water content
Chemical reactions