Evolution and Natural Selection 22.1-22.3

Question 1

2 Types of change within organisms over time (2 Types)

Answer 1

Development
Acclimation

Question 2

Who believed:
Species don’t change over time and Natural order exists in the world and does not change

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Who believed:
All objects can be represented by ideal forms & Variation between individuals represents a deviation from the ideal form.

Answer 3

Plato

Question 4

Who believed there was 2 forces driving evolution?

Answer 4

Jean Lamarck

Question 5

Definition: Evolution towards increased complexity and perfection, Driven by some internal force in all living things.

Answer 5

Linear Force

Question 6

Definition: Adaptation to local conditions, Organisms have features that suit them to where and how they live, developments passed to offspring

Answer 6

Lateral force

Question 7

Who proposed a mechanism for evolution in 1830’s?

Answer 7

Charles Darwin

Question 8

Two ideas that influenced Darwin

Answer 8

Uniformitarianism : Essay on populations

Question 9

World is under constant slow change

Answer 9

Uniformitarianism

Question 10

Human populations grow faster than resource supplies

Answer 10

Essay on populations

Question 11

First 3 observations for Darwin’s mechanism for Evolution

Answer 11

1. All organisms can reproduce at an exponential rate.
2. Populations do not increase exponentially.
3. Resources are limited.

Question 12

There is a struggle for ______ between organisms within every species

Answer 12

existence

Question 13

Observations 4 & 5

Answer 13

4. Individuals in populations vary in a number of traits
5. Some variability is inherited

Question 14

Darwin’s big mistake

Answer 14

Pangenesis

Question 15

Particles from cells throughout the body accumulate in reproductive cells and are passed on to the next generation.

Answer 15

Pangenesis

Question 16

Organisms can be bred to look different

Answer 16

Artificial Selection

Question 17

Body parts similar in structure but can be funcitonally different (Common ancestors)

Answer 17

Homologous structures

Question 18

Body parts different in their basic in structure but functionally similar (Different ancestors)

Answer 18

Analogous structures

Question 19

Non-functional organs

Answer 19

Vestigal

Question 20

Organisms that rely on one another show similar evolutionary patterns

Answer 20

Coevolution

Question 21

Counter arguements of Evolution (4)

Answer 21

1. Lack of intermediate forms in fossil record
2. Dilute of favourable traits
3. Blind watchmaker
4. Irreducible complexity

Question 22

3 points of blind watchmaker

Answer 22

1. Mutation is random
2. Complex structures require many mutations
3. Highly unlikely for random mutations to create complex structures.