Ch. 8 Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Race

Answer 1

A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of physical characteristics and attributes.

Question 2

Ethnic Group

Answer 2

A collection of people distinguished by others or themselves based on culture or national characteristics.

Question 2

Social Significance

Answer 2

Ethnicity and race form a base of hierarchical ranking “classes”.

Question 2

Ethnic Groups

Answer 2

-Unique cultural traits
-A sense of community and ethnocentrism
-ascribed membership from birth
-territorial

Question 3

Majority

Answer 3

A group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.

Question 4

Minority (subordinate group)

Answer 4

A group whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominate group and often face discrimination.

Question 5

Visible Minority

Answer 5

An official government category of nonwhite peoples.

Question 6

Prejudice

Answer 6

A negative attitude based on preconceived notions about members of selected groups.

Question 7

Racial Prejudice

Answer 7

Involves beliefs that certain racial groups are inferior to others or have a number of negative traits to a dominate race.

Question 8

Ethnocentrism

Answer 8

The tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as the standard “superior”.

Question 9

Stereotypes

Answer 9

overgeneralizations about appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members.

Question 10

Sources of stereotypical behavior/attitude

Answer 10

Media, ethnic jokes, learned attitudes from family, fellow people and religious groups.

Question 11

Scapegoat

Answer 11

A person or group that is incapable of offering resistance or support to others.

Question 12

Authoritarian Personality

Answer 12

A person characterized by excessive conformity or submissive to authority, and stereotypical thinking.

Question 13

Measuring Prejudice

Answer 13

Bogardus constructed a scale that uses social distance as a criteria for measuring prejudice.

Question 14

Social Distance

Answer 14

The extent to which people are willing to interact with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own.

Question 15

1991 Canadian Study

Answer 15

Candain born respondents reported significantly less comfort when interacting with Canadians of West Indian, Black, Muslim, Arab, Indo-Pakistani, and Sikh origins.

Question 16

Discrimination

Answer 16

Actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group.

Question 17

De jure

Answer 17

Legal discrimination which is encoded in laws.
ex: Indian Act

Question 18

De facto

Answer 18

Informal discrimination which is entrenched in social customs and institutions.

Question 19

Merton’s 4 Combinations of Prejudice and Discrimination.

Answer 19

-Not prejudiced and non-Discriminatory
-Not Prejudiced and Discriminatory
-Prejudiced and Non-Discriminatory
-Prejudiced and Discriminatory

Question 20

Genocide (most extreme form of discrimination)

Answer 20

The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.

Question 21

Racism

Answer 21

A set of ideas that implies the superiority of one social group over another on the basis of biological or cultural characteristics.

Question 22

Overt

Answer 22

Beating death of a 65-year old Sikh Temple employee in Surrey in 1998. Murder of 11 Jewish worshippers in synagogue in.

Question 23

Polite

Answer 23

Study by Ginzberg found with equal qualifications, white job applicants received employment offers 3x more often than blacks.

Question 24

Subliminal

Answer 24

250,000 Canadians signed a petition that RCMP officers wearing turbans was “un-Canadian”.

Question 25

Institutional Racism

Answer 25

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (1991) found evidence in 15 employment agencies.

Question 26

Systemic Racism

Answer 26

Criteria set that are not overtly racist but in effect are. Criteria such as weight, height, and education can be used to exclude subordinate racial groups.

Question 27

Become a part of a dominating group.

Answer 27

Two ways: Assimilation and Ethnic Pluralism.

Question 28

Assimilation

Answer 28

A process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominate culture.

Question 29

Cultural Assimilation

Answer 29

Members of an ethnic group adopt dominate group traits such as language, dress, values, and religion.

Question 30

Structural Assimilation or Integration

Answer 30

When members of the subordinate group gain acceptance.

Question 31

Ethnic Pluralism

Answer 31

The coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society.

Question 32

Equalitarian or Accommodation

Answer 32

When ethnic/racial groups live together on a equal basis.
In Canada the goal of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988.

Question 33

Segregation

Answer 33

The spatial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class and gender.
Ex: reserve system for Aboriginal Canadians.

Question 34

Conflict Perspectives Theme

Answer 34

Focus on economic stratification and access to power informs our understanding of ethnicity and race.

Question 35

Internal Colonialism

Answer 35

A situation in which members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominate group.

Question 36

Split-Labour Market Theory

Answer 36

The division of the economy into two areas of employment: a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher paid workers in more secure jobs.
secondary sector: or lower tier made up of lower-paid workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions.

Question 37

Gendered Racism

Answer 37

The interactive effect of racism and sexism in the exploitation of gender and race.

Question 38

Racial and ethnic Inequality in the Future

Answer 38

-Diversity in Canada