ch 8 - vitamins

Question 1

fat soluble vitamins: stored in

Answer 1

liver and adipose cells

Question 2

fat soluble vitamins: transport in blood requires

Answer 2

carrier

Question 3

fat soluble vitamins: ___ protects against deficiencies

Answer 3

storage

Question 4

water soluble vitamins: circulation

Answer 4

circulate easily in blood

Question 5

water soluble vitamins: excess

Answer 5

excreted

Question 6

water soluble vitamins: storage

Answer 6

no designated storage site

Question 7

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 7

A D E K

Question 8

water soluble vitamins

Answer 8

B1,2,3,6,12
pantothenic acid
biotin
folate
C

Question 9

vitamins involved in energy metabolism

Answer 9

b complex vitamins

Question 10

sources of thiamin

Answer 10

bread, pasta, rice

Question 11

sources of riboflavin

Answer 11

dairy

Question 12

niacin

Answer 12

chicken, salmon, meat

Question 13

sources of b6

Answer 13

leafy greens, meat, nuts

Question 14

t or f: Antioxidants─for example vitamins C, E, and A─donate a pair of electrons to the free radical to stabilize it.

Answer 14

false

Question 15

. Antioxidants donate a___ ____to the free radical and then become oxidized

Answer 15

single electron

Question 16

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals formed in skeletal muscle cells by aerobic metabolism and from other sources have the potential to

Answer 16

damage DNA, cell membranes, and other cellular structures

Question 17

vitamins involved in red blood cell function

Answer 17

b12, folate

Question 18

vitamin associated anemias

Answer 18

pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia

Question 19

vitamin a functions

Answer 19

vision, tissue growth and development

Question 20

vitamin d functions

Answer 20

bone health, disease prevention

Question 21

effects of food processing

Answer 21

nutrient loss, enrichment, fortication

Question 22

thiamin coenzyme

Answer 22

TPP/TDP

Question 23

thiamin biochemical pathway

Answer 23

decarboxylation of pyruvate and alpha ketoglutarate

Question 24

riboflavin coenzyme

Answer 24

FMN, FAD

Question 25

riboflavin biochemical pathway

Answer 25

numerous re dox rxns

Question 26

niacin coenzyme

Answer 26

NADH/NAD, NADP/NADPH

Question 27

niacin biochemical pathway

Answer 27

NAD and NADH transfer electrons in the ETC NADP and NADPH are involved in reduction reactions in many parts of the cell

Question 28

vitamin b6 coenzyme

Answer 28

PLP

Question 29

vitamin b6 biochemical pathway

Answer 29

needed for amino acid metabolism, including transamination, transferring and removing sulfur, cleavage, and synthesis

Question 30

pantothenic acid coenzyme

Answer 30

component of acetyl co A

Question 31

pantothenic acid biochemical pathway

Answer 31

critical intermediate compound in energy production

Question 32

t or f: Vitamins are needed for a variety of physical functions, including growth and development, and energy metabolism.

Answer 32

true

Question 33

t or f: All water-soluble vitamins are not toxic when consumed in excess and do not have an established tolerable upper limit.

Answer 33

false

Question 34

t or f: If energy intake is in excess, vitamin intake is likely to be adequate.

Answer 34

false

Question 35

t or f: The B vitamins act as coenzymes in the body.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

t or f: All athletes should be screened at the time of their annual physical exam to determine vitamin D status.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

t or f: Vitamins play a direct role in energy metabolism.

Answer 37

false

Question 38

t or f: Because oxidative stress, or an increase in the production of free radicals, occurs with an increase in exercise intensity and duration, athletes should consume antioxidant supplements.

Answer 38

false

Question 39

t or f: Vitamins can be significantly lost though food processing; however, processing can also add vitamins to food.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

t or f: Athletes should first determine the amount of vitamins normally obtained from food, and then evaluate if they need to supplement.

Answer 40

true

Question 41

t or f: Low caloric intake usually means low vitamin intake from food.

Answer 41

true

Question 42

According to the current body of scientific research, what effect does exercise have on an athlete’s vitamin requirements?

Answer 42

increases the need slightly but supplementation not necessary

Question 43

The intake of which vitamin is likely to be low in both sedentary and athletic populations?

Answer 43

vitamin d

Question 44

The amount of energy (kcal) provided by the B-complex vitamins is:

Answer 44

none

Question 45

Which of the following is true regarding athletes and the consumption of an adequate amount of vitamin A from food?

Answer 45

Vitamin A intake generally reflects fruit and vegetable intake.

Question 46

High bioavailability refers to a compound that:

Answer 46

has a high degree of absorption and utilization.