CH 9/10 Study Guide

Question 0

Potential energy is the energy of what?

Answer 0

An object because of its position, shape, or condition

Question 1

Kinetic energy is the energy of what?

Answer 1

An object’s motion

Question 2

The energy is all of the kinetic energy due to random mo ion of the particles that make up an object.

Answer 2

Thermal energy

Question 3

Energy is the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged.

Answer 3

Chemical energy

Question 4

Energy shows how a vibrating object transmits energy through the air around it.

Answer 4

Sound energy

Question 5

Energy is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles.

Answer 5

Light energy

Question 6

Energy is the energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 6

Nuclear energy

Question 7

Energy is the energy of moving electrons.

Answer 7

Electrical energy

Question 8

A change from one form of energy to another

Answer 8

Energy conversion

Question 9

Gravitational potential energy is equal to what?

Answer 9

Weigh x height

Question 10

What is the formula for kinetic energy and what does it mean?

Answer 10

KE=mv^2/2; m is mass and v is the object’s speed

Question 11

A group of objects that transfer energy only to each other. Ex roller coasters

Answer 11

Closed system of conserving energy

Question 12

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed/converted from form to another.

Answer 12

Law of conservation of energy

Question 13

What does kinetic energy depend on?

Answer 13

Mass and the object’s speed

Question 14

What are 3 types of fossil fuels?

Answer 14

Oil, natural gas, and coal

Question 15

Sunlight is changed into electrical energy through solar cells.

Answer 15

Solar energy

Question 16

The potential energy of water in a reservoir can be changed into kinetic energy as water flows through the dam.

Answer 16

Water energy

Question 17

Kinetic energy of wind can turn blades of a windmill and the wind turbines changes the kinetic energy of air into electrical energy by turning a generator

Answer 17

Wind energy

Question 18

Power plants pump water underground next to hit rock, so it turns to steam and turns the generator’s turbine

Answer 18

Geothermal energy

Question 19

Organic matter can be burned to release energy.

Answer 19

Biomass

Question 20

During energy conversions, some of the original energy is converted to what?

Answer 20

Thermal energy

Question 21

The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.

Answer 21

Heat

Question 22

Heat will always transfer form the object that has the… temperature to the object that has the … temperature.

Answer 22

Higher, lower

Question 23

Explain the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation and give examples of each.

Answer 23

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy with objects that are too touching.Ex spoon in hot soup. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation and movement of s liquid and gas. Ex. Boiling water. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves. Ex. Visible light and sunlight

Question 24

An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance.

Answer 24

Thermal expansion

Question 25

3 examples of thermal expansion.

Answer 25

Hot air balloon, expansion joints in highway, and thermometer and bimetallic strips on thermostats

Question 26

A material that reduces/prevents the transfer of heat.

Answer 26

Thermal insulators

Question 27

3 examples of thermal insulators.

Answer 27

Flannel shirt, oven mitt, and ceramic bowl, plastic spoon and house insulation

Question 28

A material through which energy can be transferred as heat.

Answer 28

Thermal conductor

Question 29

3 examples of thermal conductors.

Answer 29

Iron skillet, curling iron, cookie sheet

Question 30

What is the lowest possible temperature.

Answer 30

Absolute zero, 0 K or -459 F or close to that

Question 31

What does average kinetic energy tell you about an object?

Answer 31

It’s temperature

Question 32

In which state of matter does water have the highest kinetic energy?

Answer 32

Gas

Question 33

In what state of matter does water have the lowest kinetic energy?

Answer 33

Solid

Question 34

Which of the following has the most thermal energy and why? A small pond in your backyard or a lake?

Answer 34

A lake has more thermal energy because it is bigger and has more water than a pond does.

Question 35

Under what conditions would a substance contract and when would it expand?

Answer 35

A substance would contract when it’s cold and expand when it’s hot.

Question 36

Lost the 3 temperature scales and when they would be used.

Answer 36

Fahrenheit would be used to tell the weather (especially in the US), Celsius is used by scientists and the temperature fans between freezing and boiling point is in 100 equal parts, and kelvin is the official SI temperature scale.

Question 37

The temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K and -273.16 C)

Answer 37

Absolute zero

Question 38

What affects kinetic energy more: mass or speed?

Answer 38

Speed

Question 39

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 39

F=(9/5xC) +32

Question 40

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 40

9/5(F-32)=C

Question 41

Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 41

K=273+C

Question 42

Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 42

C=K-273