Ch. 9 Flashcards
(31 cards)
nature
genetic inheritance
nurture
experience
genetics
genes influence personality
dominant gene
passed vertically from parent to child where both the parent and the child are affected by the trait
recessive gene
A trait that is apparent (visible) only when 2 recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
recessive gene example
red hair, blonde hair, rolling “r”,
dominant gene example
eye color, blood type
piaget stages of consciousness
saw children as little scientists, exploring their world, and learning as a way of adapting to their environment
sensorimotor stage
0-2, Develop object permanence, Understand the world through
senses and motor actions
preoperational stage
2-7, Understand intuitive relations, egocentric
concrete operational stage
7-11, Can do logical operations, understand reversibility, no abstract thought
formal operational stage
12+, Cando abstract and hypothetical reasoning, Can reason contrary to experience
object permanence
An object exists even when it is
not in sight, peek-a-boo
egocentricity
The inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes
abstract reasoning
ability to solve problems, identify patterns, and work with logical systems
scaffolding
Children learn when adults or older children help them learn, less and less help overtime
zone of proximal development
What a child can do
alone vs. with the help of a teacher
attachment
Close emotional bond between an infant and caregiver
secure attachment
Cry or protest at departure, greet mother happily at arrival, secure
base (70%)
avoidant attachment
Do not cry at departure; avoid mother at arrival; anger and do not
seek support (20%)
ambivalent attachment
Very anxious before mother leaves, very upset at departure, seek
contact at arrival but also show resistance (10%)
disorganized
Show inconsistent, contradictory behaviors from other types;
confusion
strange situation task
recreating the flow of the familiar and unfamiliar presence in most children’s lives
infant
trust VS mistrust
