Ch. 3 Flashcards
(44 cards)
neurons
fundamental units of the brain and nervous system
nucleus (neuron)
controls the entire neuron
dendrites ( neuron)
receives signals from other cells
cell membrane (neuron)
protects the cell
cell body (neuron)
keeps cell functional
axon (neuron)
transfers signals to other cells and organs
axon terminal (neuron)
forms junctions with other cells
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger of the nervous system
forebrain
largest part of brain
reticular formation (midbrain)
important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal,
alertness, and motor activity
substantia nigra (midbrain)
where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement
ventral tegmental area (midbrain)
where dopamine is produced; associated with mood, reward, and addiction.
Medulla ( hindbrain)
automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate
pons (hindbrain)
connects the brain and the spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep
cerebellum (hindbrain)
balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills
cerebral cortex (forebrain)
consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language and memory
4 lobes of cerebral cortex
POFT: Partial lobe, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe
frontal lobe
motor control, emotion, and language
motor cortex ( frontal)
strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement
prefrontal cortex (frontal)
higher-level cognitive functioning.
broca’s area (frontal)
Damage to Broca’s area leads to difficulties producing language, language production
Parietal lobe
processing various
sensory and perceptual
information
somatosensory cortex (paritel)
processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain
temporal lobe
hearing, memory, emotion and some aspects of language
