Ch.6 Flashcards
(26 cards)
classical conditioning
Learning by association
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that leads to an automatic response
unconditioned response
an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
a learned stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response.
conditioned response
an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
pavlov experiment
food (US), dog response(UR) then, food (US) + bell (neutral) = dog response (UR) then bell (CR) = dog response (CR)
shaping
the process of training a learned behavior that would not normally occur, lots of rewards
chaining
taught only one step at a time and is not taught any future steps until the current step has been mastered.
extinction
the reduction and elimination of
the CR after the CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS
stimulus generalization
occurs when similar CSs
elicit the same CR.
stimulus generalization example
you get bit by a german shepard, now afraid of all dogs
operant conditioning
learning by outcome
reinforcement
giving something good
reinforcement example
money, praise, food
negative reinforcement
removing something already bad
negative reinforcement example
removing pain, hunger, toothache
punishment
decreases the probability of a response overtime
positive punishment
adding an unpleasant stimulant
negative punishment
punishing a response by removing a pleasurable stimulus
interval
time
reinforcement
encourages behavior
punishment
discourages behavior
ratio
number of responses
fixed ratio
the number of times an action must be done in order to receive an award.
