Ch 9 - Cervical Spine

Question 1

What is another name for the vertebral column?

Answer 1

Spine

Question 2

What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

Answer 2

Encloses and protect the spinal cord
Acts as a support for the trunk
Supports the skull superiorly
Provides for attachment to the deep muscles of the back and ribs laterally

Question 3

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

12

Question 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

5 fused to 1

Question 7

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

3-5 fused to 1

Question 8

How many vertebrae are present in early life?

Answer 8

33

Question 9

What are the true vertebrae?

Answer 9

The 24 vertebral segments in the upper three regions

Question 10

What are the false vertebrae?

Answer 10

The pelvic and two lower regions

Question 11

What are the four curves of the vertebral column called?

Answer 11

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Pelvic curves

Question 12

What is lordosis?

Answer 12

Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity

Question 13

Which parts of the spine demonstrate a lordotic curve?

Answer 13

Cervical and lumbar

Question 14

What is kyphosis?

Answer 14

Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity

Question 15

Which parts of the spine demonstrate a kyphotic curve?

Answer 15

Thoracic and pelvic spines

Question 16

What is scoliosis?

Answer 16

Any abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 17

What angle do the lumbar and pelvic curves join at?

Answer 17

Lumbosacral angle

Question 18

Which curves are considered primary curves?

Answer 18

Thoracic and Pelvic curves

Question 19

When does the cervical curve develop?

Answer 19

When infants start holding up their head at 3-4 months

Question 20

When does the lumbar curve develop?

Answer 20

When children begin to walk at 1-1.5 years

Question 21

What are disc composed of?

Answer 21

• Annulus fibrous - outer, fibrocartilaginous disk
• Nucleus pulosus - central, soft mass

Question 22

What is an HNP?

Answer 22

Herniated nucleus pulosus or “slipped disk”

Question 23

What is the typical shape of a vertebral body?

Answer 23

Cylindrical

Question 24

What are the two main parts of a typical vertebra?

Answer 24

Anterior mass (body) and posterior ringlike portion (vertebral arch)

Question 25

What forms the vertebral arch?

Answer 25

Two pedicles and two laminae

Question 26

What do the pedicles and laminae support?

Answer 26

Two transverse processes and one spinous process

Question 27

What direction do the pedicles project from the body of the vertebreae?

Answer 27

Posteriorly and their surfaces are concave and are called vertebral notches

Question 28

How and where do the transverse processes project from?

Answer 28

Laterally and poseteriorly from the junction of the pedicles and laminae

Question 29

How and where do the spinous process project from?

Answer 29

Posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the laminae and posterior midline

Question 30

What arise from the junction of the laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below?

Answer 30

Four articular processes - 2 superior and 2 inferior processes

Question 31

What is the first cervical vertebra called?

Answer 31

Atlas

Question 32

What unique feature does the Atlas have?

Answer 32

Ringlike structure with no body

Question 33

What does the anterior portion of the Atlas ring receive?

Answer 33

Dens (odontoid process) from C2

Question 34

What is the second cervical vertebra called?

Answer 34

Axis

Question 35

What process arises from the upper surface of the body of the Axis?

Answer 35

Dens

Question 36

What is the seventh cervical vertebra known as?

Answer 36

Vertebra prominens

Question 37

What is a typical cervical vertebra's body shape?

Answer 37

Small, oblong with slightly elongated anteroinferior borders

Question 38

How many foramina does a typical cervical vertebra have?

Answer 38

Three: right and left transverse foramina, and vertebral foramen

Question 39

What is the function of the transverse foramina in cervical vertebrae?

Answer 39

Transmit the vertebral artery and vein

Question 40

What are the characteristics of spinous processes in cervical vertebrae?

Answer 40

Short with double pointed tips (bifid)

Question 41

Where are the superior and inferior articular processes located on a cervical vertebra?

Answer 41

Posterior to the transverse processes

Question 42

What angle do the Z joints of the 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae lie at?

Answer 42

Right angle to the MSP

Question 43

When should the Fuch's method be used?

Answer 43

When the dens was not able to be clearly demonstrated in the open mouth position

Question 44

What are the structures demonstrated in AP "wagging jaw"?

Answer 44

The entire cervical spine, with the mandible blurred

Question 45

What must a good lateral C-spine projection include?

Answer 45

C7

Question 46

What is the purpose of the Hyperflexion and Hyperextension of the lateral c-spine?

Answer 46

To show normal intersegmental movement or changes in intersegmental alignment resulting from trauma or disease

Question 47

What is the evaluation criteria for PA Axial Oblique LAO/RAO C-spine?

Answer 47

▪ All seven cervical and thefirst thoracic vertebrae ▪ Appropriate 45-degree rotation of body and neck □ Open intervertebral foramina closest to the IR, from C2–C3 to C7–T1 □ Uniform size and contour of the foramina ▪ Appropriately elevated chin □ Mandible not overlapping the atlas and axis □ Occipital bone not overlapping the atlas and axis ▪ Open intervertebral disk spaces