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Radiographic Procedures > Chest Nonroutine > Flashcards

Chest Nonroutine Flashcards

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1
Q

What is body habitus?

A

The general shape of the human body

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2
Q

What does body habitus determine?

A

The size, shape, position and movement of internal organs

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3
Q

What are the 4 body habitus types?

A
  • Hypersthenic (big)
  • Sthenic (average)
  • Hypostenic (between stenic and asthenic)
  • Asthenic (skinny/frail)
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4
Q

What is the shape of the thorax, lungs and diaphragm in a Hypersthenic patient?

A
  • Lungs are short and have apices near clavivle
  • Diaphragm is high
  • Thorax is short, broad and deep
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5
Q

What is the shape of the thorax, lungs and diaphragm in a Sthenic patient?

A
  • Lungs are moderate length
  • Diaphragm is moderately high
  • Thorax is moderately short, broad and deep
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6
Q

What is the shape of the thorax, lungs and diaphragm in a Asthenic patient?

A
  • Lungs are long and apices above clavicle
  • Thorax is long and shallow
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7
Q

What is the shape of the thorax, lungs and diaphragm in a Hyposthenic patient?

A

Everything is between Sthenic and Asthenic

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8
Q

What is the thoracic cavity bound by?

A

The walls of the thorax and extends from the superior thoracic aperture to the inferior thoracic aperture

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9
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

DIaphragm

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10
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

Lungs, heart, organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, inferior portion of the esophagus and thymus gland

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11
Q

What are the three chambers of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Pericardial
  • Right and left pleural cavities
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12
Q

What is the space between the two pleural cavities called?

A

Mediastinum

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13
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

All thoracic structures, except lungs and pleurae

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14
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A

Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and two lungs

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15
Q

What is the trachea?

A

A fibrous, muscular tube with 16-20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings embedded in its wall

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16
Q

How long is the trachea?

A

1/2 inch in diametwe and 4.5 inches in length

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17
Q

Where does the trachea lie?

A

In the midline of the body, anterior to the esophagus

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18
Q

Where does the trachea extend?

A

From its junction with the larynx at the level of C6 to the level of T5/6

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19
Q

What is a feature of the last tracheal cartilage?

A

Carina, which is a hook- like process

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20
Q

What happens to the trachea at the level of the carina?

A

It bifurcates into two lesser tubes - primary bronchi which enter each lung

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of the right bronchi?

A

Shorter, wider and more vertical than the left

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22
Q

What are the subdivisions of the bronchial tree?

A
  • Primary bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
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23
Q

What do the terminal bronchioles communicate with?

Study These Flashcards
A

Alveolar ducts

24
Q

What do the alveolar ducts end in?

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A

Several alveolar sacs

25
What are the walls of the alveolar sacs lined with?
Alveoli, which are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
26
What are the organs of respiration?
Lungs
27
What is the function of the lungs?
To introduce oxygen into the bloodstream by removing CO2 from the blood
28
What is the superior part of the lungs called?
Apex - which reach above the clavicle
29
What is the inferior portion of the lung called?
Base, which rests on the diaphragm
30
What are the depp recesses of the parietal pluera called?
Costophrenic angles
31
What is the depression on the medialstinal surface of the lungs called?
Hilum
32
How do the right/left lungs compare in length?
Right is shorter due to the presence of the liver
33
How do the lungs move on inspiration?
Inferiorly
34
How do the lungs move on expiration?
Superiorly
35
What are the lungs enclosed in?
Double walled, serous membrane called the pleura
36
What is the inner layer of the pluera called?
Visceral plueral
37
What is the outer layer of the pleura called?
Parietal pleura
38
What are the lungs divided into?
Lobes by fissues
39
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
40
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
41
What are the structures associated with the mediastinum?
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue and fat
42
How is the patient generally placed for radiogrpahy of the chest?
Upright to prevent engorgement of the pulmonary vessels and to allow gravity to depress the diaphragm
43
What does the upright position show in the imaging?
Air and fluid levels
44
What happens in the recumbent position?
Abdomen and diaphragm move superiorly and the thoracic viscera get compressed
45
Why is the left lateral position most commonly used for chest?
Because it places the heart closer to the IR resulting in less magnification
46
What does deep inspiration do for chest xrays?
Causes the diaphragm to move inferiorly which elongates the heart
47
What are right and left oblique imagest of the chest used for?
To supplement PA and lateral projections and to project localized areas free from superimposition
48
What kVp is normal for chest radiography?
High kVp to penetrate and show all thoracic anatomy
49
What should the minimum SID be used for in chest radiography?
72" to minimize magnification and obtain greater spatial resolution
50
What is the patient prep needed for chest xrays?
Removal of artifacts from anatomy of interest
51
What radiographs should be used when pneumothorax is suspected?
One radiograph on inspiration and one on expiration
52
On PA oblique chests where is the side of interest placed?
Furthest from the IR
53
On an AP chest where is the side of interest placed?
Closest to the IR
54
When a supine AP projection of a chest usesd?
When the patient is too ill for upright
55
In a lateral decubitus position how should the patient be placed to demonstrate fluid?
Patient should lie on the affected side
56
In a lateral decubitus position how should the patient be placed to demonstrate air?
Position on the unaffected side
57
How long should the patient be placed in the lateral decubitus position for optimal pathology?
For 5 minutes

Radiographic Procedures (11 decks)

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