ch and international diplomacy Flashcards
(6 cards)
what were chs views on britains world and imperial roles
ch dramatized the war as a conflict between democracy freedom civil side and christian values and the dark forces of natzism and dictatorship it was b roles to defend these values against the dark forces however it was also b role to maintain an empire that used violent repression to maintain control and did not allow non white subjects the right to vote
to defend b values ch was a key part of the collation of (30 nations) but in parts i’ve was dominated by the big threee thus britain despite being drafted in norway and france played a very considerable role in the world not only did it maintain its links w its empire with considerable support from its dominions and colonies but it sustained an allienve with the very powerful ussr and usa and played a major role in determining how the war was faught until 1944 it did this w out commuting large land forces to europe very good achievement
there was no need for b empire to give its support and at the time of appeasement it was not clear if the self hovering dominions would give its support
usa wanted to deference germany first and to follow ideas of waging war in the mediterranean and not open up a second front
the great losses of the ussr were not matched by britain yet the russian alliances was still maintained estimates of the soviet casualties vary but there were a total of 9m dead and an additional 13 civialan deaths total b fealty’s were 452,000 and us 420,000 one battle alone stalingrad saw 1m ussr casualties
despite agreeing to the atlantic charter 1941 b was not forced to make any commitment in ending its empire at the price of us support
ch manged to hold b world role as a moral leader champion of civiliseatipm major influence on war policy and imperial power
the rest of chap will show how bs position deters yes as war went on
ch and roosevelt
it seemed ch would be a more natural ally of roosevelt than stalin both headed english speaking democracies however the us leader was a difficult person to know on the surface he seemed charming and sympathetic but he had a reputation for not committing himself while giving his listeners th impression he has much more affection from ch than R and his deliberyebsnubbing of ch at the tehran conference in 1943
their partnership has been seen as the partnership that saved the west and ch had worked very hard ti maintain it however the relationship had started badly R met Ch in 1918 and did not like him he thought him a stinker and that he had lorderd it over him ch had made unfavorable remarks about R in 1937
Us support but not intervention
ch had hoped for us intervention into the war but R had to be careful there was danger of war w japan and the Us public opinion was generally agasint war in europe nevertheless the us did offer sole support
in nov 1939 the us replealed the neurtraliy act witch allowed b to buy american arms
in oct the usa declared a neutral zone along the entente coast of the usa and south america and the us navy partold this to prevent the sinking of merchant ships by the us this involved anglo american naval cooperation
in sep 1940 50 old us destroyers were exchanged w b for leases to 8 b naval bases
in dec R used tie phrases arsenal of democrat to defend sales of arms to b
in march 1941 the lend lease act was passed allowing the presedent to ti see transfer title exchange lease lend or otherwise dispose of defense articles to any country whose defense the preseidenys sees vital led to 31.6b assistance going to b by 1945
in aprill us troops occupied greenland and on 1 july 1941 iceland in order to stop germany hsiang either military base
ch disliked the way roosevelt stressed american isolationism at the presidential election 1941
their first meeting as national leaders took place at placentia bay canada in aug 1941 ch was keen ti make a good impression and and optioned a joint declaration of certain common princeables known as the atlantic charter the plan had details of after the destruction of the national tyrany but the us had not yet declared war
as ch was well aware though r could support b a delectation of war lay in the hands of congress the south african general smuts wrote to ch about the growing belief that R intends to keep American out of the war despite his brave words
the usa were concerned about a number of issues
milt really generals were worried that b was dispersing it’s forces esther than getting ready for a invasion of frace
the state department was concerned that b would want to gain territory’s as it did in 1919 as it took control of german and french colonies
the secretary of state hull was concerned that the b empire stood in the way of free trade whiten wa slowly to become a us war aim
R thought it was morally wrong for b to rule over its subjects in its empire and wanted colonial people to be free
slough they did show support there was no way of certainty that they would acc declare war
the support b had got though was less generous
the destroyers provided by the us were obsolete
usa took b gold reserves in SA as security for lend lease payments
usa made large profits from supplying arms
the usa enters the war
by dec 1941 it seemed increasingly likely that japans war in china would lead to conflict in the usa as america had imposter embargo’s on oil and metal ore supplies to japan when japan attacked the us pacific fleet in pearl harbor hitler declared war on a usa ch had been proved right in saying that the tide had been turing his way
what followed was a remarkable turn of events though R wanted to wait before meeting ch ch flew to
him as soon as possible where he made a very positive impression america was now more inclined to see ch as a hero in this emotional time rather than an old fashioned imperialist chs rhetoric we’re now mahout emlements at play us general marshal did not get his way and there was not a invasion in france till 1944 the us supported all of church stategry og fighting in the medertrainan and also supported his europe first policy deferring germany before japan
in june 1942 ch met rooselevnt in new yaro and later that month in washington he pirswared the us against operation sledgehammer for an invasion of grange to take the pressure off russia and instead promoted the idea for a campaign in north africa at the next meeting in casablanca the british strategy for invasions sicicly and italy was accepted by Roosevelt
there were limits though R Disliked b backing of de gualle as representing france the usa preferred to work with french general giraud a higher ranking officer and did. oh see de gualle as representing french opinion there was also a build up of us forces in b amouthinh to one of the most remarkable developments in the war
jan 1942 one million us troopers came to b before being shipped to nA
in washington in may 1943 us pressure forced a date for the invasion of france may 1944
R was also moving to the logical position that given russias immense war effort a key emergent to us diplomacy should be to negotiate with stalin and sideline ch who’s forces were not contributing to the war in the same way as us or ussr
the meeting in Quebec in Aug 1943 splits were apparent the usa favored an attack on southern france and ch did not ch favorites attacks on the B that the usa did not ch and R met in cairo in nov 1943 and then moved on to tehran to meet stalin here it was clear that the relations between r abs ch has changed
r did not meet ch privately to decided on a joint policy before the conference
he met chinese leader w out ch knowledge
he made it clear he wanted more b attacks in burma at the expense of more attacks in the medoerterainian
bittter exchanges about attacks in france
usa had now abandoned europe first policy and were working for the defeat of japan
at tehran r clearly favorited stalin over ch
ch place for brining turkey into war and b front were rejected
the usa would supply the supreme commander of operation overload
at Quebec in sep 1944 cg got no commit meant for post war financial assistance for b by 1944 it was clear that america was. it worried about post war soviet expansion usa not prepared to bring the angelo american race back to berlin before russian army god there
at the last meeting at yalta in feb 1945 R and cv agreeee on a policy that there should be free elections and democracy in post war europe r was concerned that this would not apply to the b empire When R dried in 1945 ch paid a fulsome tribute to him in the house of commons
R never visited ch in b ch did not attend R Funeral ch was critical of us policy by not taking further action against user
ch and stalin
