Ch1- Evolution Of Science

Question 1

What is nativism and who created this thinking?

Answer 1

Plato
Certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
“Born evil”

Question 2

What is empiricism and who created this thinking?

Answer 2

Aristotle
All knowledge is acquired through experience
“Born in a blank state”

Question 3

What is the contrary to nativism?

Answer 3

Empiricism

Question 4

What is dualism and who created this thinking?

Answer 4

Descartes
The mind and the body are two different entities
Body—>material
Mind—>spiritual

Question 5

What is materialism and who created this thinking?

Answer 5

Hobbes
The mind and the body are a unit
“The mind is what the brain does”

Question 6

What is the contrary to materialism?

Answer 6

Dualism

Question 7

What is realism and who created this thinking?

Answer 7

Locke
There is a real world
Two people see the same thing

Question 8

What is idealism and who created this thinking?

Answer 8

Beings are born with basic knowledge, which allows them to acquire further knowledge
(Preferences)

Question 9

What is the opposite of idealism?

Answer 9

Realism

Question 10

What is structuralism and who created this thinking?

Answer 10

Helmhotz and Wundt

Analysis of the basic components of that constitutes the mind

Question 11

What did Helmhotz achieve?

Answer 11

Measured the speed of the nerves.

Reaction time and stimulus

Question 12

What is a reaction time?

Answer 12

The amount of time taken to respond to a stimulus

Question 13

What is a stimulus?

Answer 13

Sensory input from the environment

Question 14

What did Wundt achieve?

Answer 14

First psychological lab

Question 15

What is functionalism and who created this thinking?

Answer 15

James and Darwin

How mental processes enable people to adapt to their environments

Question 16

What is natural selection and in which thinking does it belong?

Answer 16

Functionalism
By Darwin
The features of an organism that helps to survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed down

Question 17

What is the opposite to functionalism?

Answer 17

Structuralism

Question 18

What are the nine types of clinical psychology?

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic
Behaviorism
Humanism
Cognitivism
Neuroscience
Evolutionary psychology
Social psychology
Cultural psychology
Bio psychosocial model

Question 19

What is psychoanalytic and who created this thinking?

Answer 19

Freud

Emphasize on the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping thoughts and behaviors

Question 20

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 20

Bringing material into a conscious awareness to better understand a psychological behavior.

Caused by a painful unconscious experience

Question 21

What is behaviorism and who created this thinking?

Answer 21

Watson, Pavlov, Skinner

Advocates that psychologists restricts themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior

Question 22

What did Skinner find?

Answer 22

Response and reinforcement

Question 23

What is response?

Answer 23

Action or phycological change elicited by a stimulus

Question 24

What is reinforcement?

Answer 24

Consequence of a behavior determines whether it will or will not be repeated.

Question 25

What is humanism and who created this thinking?

Answer 25

Rogers and Maslow We can always do better/ improve Focus on the future

Question 26

What is cognitivism and who created this thinking?

Answer 26

Chomsky+ Gestatl | Scientific study of mental processes including perception, thoughts, memory and reasoning

Question 27

What did Gestalt emphasize on?

Answer 27

We often perceive things as a whole part rather that the sum of multiple parts Fill in the void

Question 28

What are the two types of neuroscience?

Answer 28

Behavioral and cognitive

Question 29

What is neuroscience and what helped develop this?

Answer 29

Everything that has to do with the brain Developed by new tools and technology Ex: FMRI

Question 30

What is evolutionary psychology ?

Answer 30

Explanation of the mind and the behavior in terms of the adaptive values of abilities that are preserved overtime by natural selection

Question 31

What is social psychology?

Answer 31

Study of causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior. | Human behavior is influenced by the presence and absence of other people

Question 32

What is cultural psychology?

Answer 32

Study of how a culture reflects and shapes the psychological processes of their members. We also try to find what is universally accepted by comparing culture to culture

Question 33

What is the bio psychosocial model?

Answer 33

Combination of theories such as social, psychological and biological