CH7- Learning Flashcards
Learning?
Acquiring knowledge or skills from experience which result in more or less permanent change in a person
What are the two main approaches of learning?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
What are other types?
Observational learning
Implicit learning
What did Pavlov learn?
What occurs when a neutral stimulus (NS) produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response
Before conditioning occurs what does the NS do?
It does not naturally elicit a relevant or consistent response
What is the most fundamental way that we learn many new responses, emotions and attitudes?
Conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism
Un conditioned response (UR)
Reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CNS)
A stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism
Conditioned response (CR)
Reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus
What are the basic principles of classical conditioning ?
- Acquisition
- extinction
- spontaneous recovery
- Second-order conditioning
- generalization
- discrimination
Acquisition
CS-US paring
Learning
Extinction
CS alone
Making it go away
Spontaneous recovery
CS alone after 24hrs
U can get reaction again
Second order conditioning
CS alone after 24 hrs
Generalization
Scared of a pool-> lake, ocean
Discrimination
Just reacting to a specific element (only one pool)
Elements of classical conditioning
- Cognitive elements
- Neural elements
- Evolutionary elements
Classical conditioning: Cognitive elements
Rescorla and Wagner
Classical condition occurs when you set up an expectation
: strong in conditioning (you condition stronger in a new element/environment than in a familiar one) first time experience vs 5 year exp
Classical conditioning: Neural elements
Takes less long to learn emotional conditioning to non emotional
- hippocampus: remember its role in memory
- amygdala: responsible for fear conditioning
Classical conditioning: evolutionary elements
Easier to learn things that help us survive
Taste aversion + biological preparedness
Operant conditioning
a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism’s. Behavior determine whether that behavior will be repeated in the future
Law of effect
Thorndike
You do something u like the outcome-> do again
You do something u dont like the outcome-> dont do again
What did Skinner focus on? What did he state?
The role of reinforcement and punishment
He stated that behaviors operate on the environment
