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CH8- Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four D

A

Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger

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2
Q

Deviance

A

Deviance of behavior, thoughts, emotions from society

Deviance of social norms

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3
Q

How can deviance vary

A

Vary from society to society as norms grows from a particular culture.

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4
Q

Distress

A

Behaviors, ideas, emotions have to cause distress before they can be labeled abnormal

For it to be a disorder it must cause distress to the person

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5
Q

How does distress affect a person

A

Wears them down, make them feel bad

However not every person with a psychological disorder can feel distress. (NPD)

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6
Q

Dysfunction

A

Abnormal behavior interferes with daily functioning (work, relationships)

Ex: hypersexuality ->masturbation -> fired

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7
Q

Danger

A

Not very common
Only rule psychologist can break confidentiality (hurt themselves or someone else)
Behavior may be consistently careless, hostile, confused

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8
Q

Mental disorder

A

Persiste et disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress to impairment

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9
Q

Medical model

A

abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses have: - bio

				- assign symptoms
				 - possible treatment
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10
Q

Signs

A

Objectively observed indicators of a disorder

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11
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions

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12
Q

Three related general medical and classification terms

A
  1. Disease: name of this the disorder
  2. Disorder : set of sign and symptoms
  3. Diagnosis: process
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13
Q

DSM (1952)

A

Describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder

Indicate how the disorders can be distinguished from other, similar problems

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14
Q

Comorbidity

A

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual (overlapse)

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15
Q

Cultural context influences how mental disorders

A

Experienced
Described
Assessed
Treated

(More normalized in usa, less in china)

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16
Q

What causes disorders

A
  1. Biopsychosocial perspective
  2. Medical model of mental disorder
  3. Diathesis–stress model (next slide)
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17
Q

What can cause a psychological disorders

A

Diathesis (vulnerability ) x Stress

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18
Q

How does stigmas can affect people

A
  • 60% of sufferers not seek treatment
  • education doesn’t dispel the stigma
  • labeling may result in unnecessary incarceration
  • may result in low self-esteem
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19
Q

What can we do to make less stigma

A

Awareness : help others to understand and normalize disorder and behavior

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20
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

Class of mental disorders in which anxiety is the predominant

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21
Q

What therapy works well with anxiety

A

ACT

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22
Q

Types of anxiety disorders

A

Phobic disorders
Panic disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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23
Q

Phobic disorder

A

Persistent and excessive irrational fear and avoidance of objects, activities or situations.
Cannot be controlled
Lead to avoidance: causing dysfunction and distress

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24
Q

Types of phobic disorders

A

Specific phobia: scared of a specific thing

Social phobia: irrational fear of being public humiliated or embarrassed

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25
Panic disorders
sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror; panic attacks (you think you are going to die) that are repetitive.
26
Subcategory of agoraphobia
Specific phobia involving a fear of public places (can be caused by panic attacks) ex: panic attack at school —> you will avoid school because you are scared to have another one
27
Generalized anxiety disorders
We tend to see this the most, gaba neurotransmitters are weak characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance. -Overly sensitive alarm system
28
OCD
repetitive, intrusive, thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning.
29
What causes OCD
Genetic, but it’s also influenced by modeling your parents
30
OCD consequences
Willpower is not enough, you cant control it At some point it becomes a ritual (usually starts small), doesn’t become enough (need to make it more complicated)
31
Mood disorders
Mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature.
32
Major depressive disorder
severely depressed mood that lasts 2 weeks or more and that is accompanied by. - Feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure - Lethargy (no motivation ) - Sleep(more/less) and appetite disturbances (more/less) - A change in an individual
33
Seasonal affective disorders
Depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern Women experience depression at a higher rate (22%) than do men (14%). Women can experience postpartum depression (depression following childbirth)
34
Causes of depressive and bipolar disorders
Neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin) Genes (heritability) Diathesis-stress model (influence of major stressful life events)
35
Negative thoughts contribute to depression
Aaron beck dysfunctional attitudes and negative mood states in depressed individuals. Depression from the base of your cognition.
36
Helplessness theory
Learned to be helpless. People that have an internal (i suck) stable and a global (all the time) way to think negatively are more likely to develop depression
37
Beck updated cognitive model
Negative schema developed in depressed people through combination of genetic vulnerability and negative early life experiences • Depressed individuals tend to have depressive biases in thinking and memory. Challenge them. You don’t always suck.
38
Bipolar disorder
Unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
39
What causes bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder has the highest heritability (polygenic) among the psychological disorders. 1. Lifetime risk 2. Common genetic risk factors 3. Biological causes (increase neurotransmitters too much—> mania) 4. Stressful life experiences 5. Suppressed emotions
40
Schizophrenia
1. A profound disruption of basic psychological processes : dissociation with reality 2. A distorted perception of reality : delusions 3. Altered or blunted emotion : inappropriate or none 4. Disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior
41
Schizophrenia positive symptoms
1. Hallucinations : perceiving things that aren’t here (psychical touch, hear, visual) 2. Delusions : you think something is happening, false beliefs (grandiose, irrational) Ex: believing someone is following you, believing you are god 3. Disorganized speech : no flow in speech, saying one thing then another 4. Grossly disorganized behavior : trouble achieving goals or abnormal routine Ex: making a grocery list, taking clothes off in the shower 5. Catatonic behavior : (rare) sitting in a position and not moving or moving a lot all around
42
Negative symptoms schizophrenia
1. Emotional and social withdrawal : lack of empathy, doesn’t care, can’t connect with others 2. Apathy 3. Poverty of speech : speak little or none at all 4. Other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation, and emotion
43
Cognitive symptoms
Deficits in cognitive abilities, specifically in executive functioning, attention, and working memory
44
Factors of schizophrenia
Genetic factors Environmental factors (prenatal and perinatal environment, epigenetic changes) Neurotransmitters (dopamine)
45
Personality disorders
characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning (they don’t see that always)
46
What are the three clusters of personality disorders
1. odd/eccentric 2. dramatic/erratic (most volatile for emotions , lying, little self awareness) 3. anxious/inhibited (related to anxiety but more fear based)
47
How is the diagnosis of personality disorders
Diagnosis is controversial and complicated Hard to identify and cure (hard to treat or no helped seeked) They might not think they have a problem
48
Cluster A of PD
Odd/eccentric
49
Paranoid
Odd/eccentric Aggressive Distrust in others, suspicion of people Apt to challenge loyalty Often jealous, guarded, secretive, overly serious
50
Schizoid
Odd/eccentric Fear others Extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationship Fear of closeness, poor social skills, loner
51
Schizotypal
Odd/eccentric Magic thinking Peculiar or eccentric manner of speaking/dressing React oddly, no respond, self talk
52
Cluster b
Dramatic erratic
53
Antisocial
Dramatic/erratic No fear/stress response Impoverished moral sens Deception,crime,legal problems, impulsive aggressive Little empathy High substance risk
54
Borderline
Lot of emotions Dramatic/erratic Unstable/ intense moods Self mutilation or suicidal gestures for attention or manipulation Tend to see all good or all bad
55
Histrionic
``` Dramatic/erratic Constant attention seeking Grandiose language/provocative/exaggerated illnesses Overly dramatic/flirtatious “On stage” ```
56
Narcissistic
Dramatic/erratic Inflated sense of self-importance Absorbed by fantasies of self and success Exaggerate own achievements, assume people see them as superiors Good first impressions but poor long-term
57
Cluster c
Anxious/inhibited
58
Avoidant
Anxious/inhibited Low self esteem Socially anxious and uncomfortable unless they are confident of being liked Yearns for social contact Fears criticism and worries of being embarassed
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Dependent
Anxious/inhibited ``` Submissive, dependent, requiring excessive approval Clings to people Lacking self-confidence Uncomfortable in alone Devastated by end of close relationship ```
60
Obsessive compulsive
Anxious/ inhibited Oderly, perfectionists Need to do everything right High standard (inflexible) Poor expressions of emotions

psychology (6 decks)

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