Ch1 - NAVIGATING THE BODY

Question 1

PLANES OF MOVEMENT

Answer 1

SAGITAL
FRONTAL (OR CORONAL)
TRANSVERSE

Question 2

SAGITAL PLANE

Answer 2

Divides the body into left and right halves.
Descriptive terms medial and lateral correlate to the sagital plane.
Flexion and extension occur alongside this plane.

Question 3

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Answer 3

divides the body into front and back halves.
Descriptive terms anterior and posterior relate to frontal plane.
The actions adduction and abduction happen alongside this plane

Question 4

Transverse plane

Answer 4

Divies the body into upper and lower halves.
Descriptive terms superior and inferior refer to the transfers plane.
Rotation happens within this plane

Question 5

Cranial & Caudal

Answer 5

closer to the head & closer to the buttocks

Question 6

Extension

Answer 6

Movement that straightens or opens a joint
takes place alongside sagital plane

Question 7

Flexion

Answer 7

movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together.

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

brings a limb medially toward the bodys midline

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

Moves a limb laterally away from the midline.

Question 10

Medial rotation

Answer 10

Internal rotation
occurs at the shoulder and hip joints. Limbs turn in toward the midline.

Question 11

Lateral rotation

Answer 11

external rotation
occurs at the shoulder and hip joints. Limbs turn in outward away from the midline

Question 12

Rotation

Answer 12

pertains only to the axial skeleton, specifically head and vertebral column.
Happens along transverse plane

Question 13

Circumduction

Answer 13

Possible only at the shoulder and hip joints.
A combination of flexion extension adduction and abduction. Creates a cone shaped movement.

Question 14

lateral flexion

Answer 14

occurs only at te axial skeleton.
when the neck or vertebral column bends laterally to the side.

Question 15

Elevation & Depression

Answer 15

Movement of the jaw and scapula
Elevation is movement superiorly
Depression is movement inferiorly

Question 15

Supination

Answer 15

The pivoting action of the forearm. (and the feet)
Palm up, (carrying a bowl of soup.) Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one another

Question 16

Pronation

Answer 16

The pivoting action of the forearm. (and the feet)
Palm down (prone to spill it) Occurs when te radius crosses over the ulna

Question 17

Fossa

Answer 17

shallow depression

Question 18

supinate

Answer 18

bent backward

Question 19

pronate

Answer 19

bent forward

Question 20

Inversion & Eversion

Answer 20

Occur as a combination of movements of several joints of the feet.
Inversion the foot turns elevating the foots medial side, bringing the sole of the foot medially.
Eversion turns the foot out, elevates the lateral side and moves the sole laterally

Question 21

Plantar and dorsiflexion

Answer 21

Refer only to movement at the ankle. Plantar is performed by moving the ankle to point the foot into the earth, or stepping on a gas pedal.
Dorsiflexion is the opppsite

Question 22

Protraction & Retraction

Answer 22

Pertain to the scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw.
Protraction (protrude), occurs when one of these structures moves anteriorly.
Retraction (retreate) is movement posteriorly

Question 23

Deviation

Answer 23

means to wander from the usual course. Lateral deviation aoccurs at the mandible during talking or chewing.

Question 24

Flexion of spine and thorax

Answer 24

bending forward, ie a crunch

Question 24

Opposition

Answer 24

Occurs only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. It occurs when the thumbpad crosses the palm toward the last finger

Question 25

Extension of the spine and thorax

Answer 25

bending back, ie deadlift

Question 26

Rotation of the spine and thorax

Answer 26

rotation / twisting of the spine

Question 27

Lateral Flexion of the spine and thorax

Answer 27

Bending the spine to the lateral side of the body

Question 28

flexion of the neck

Answer 28

chin toward chest

Question 29

extension of the neck

Answer 29

head falls back

Question 30

rotation of the neck

Answer 30

turning the head side to side

Question 31

lateral flexion of the neck

Answer 31

tilting the head side to side

Question 32

depression / collapse of the ribs/thorax

Answer 32

exhalation, ribs move down and compress

Question 33

Elevation / expansion of the ribs/thorax

Answer 33

inhalation, ribs move up and expand

Question 34

elevation of the scapula

Answer 34

shoulder shrug

Question 35

depression of the scapula

Answer 35

dips, pressing down with the sholder blades

Question 36

adduction of the scapula

Answer 36

bringing should blades together, big chest shoulders back

Question 37

abduction of the scapula

Answer 37

extending the blades outward, like in a punch

Question 38

upward / downward rotation of the scapula

Answer 38

tilt anteriorly or posteriorly. The coracoid process shifts anteriorly while the infiror angles moves posteriorly, and vice versa

Question 39

shoulder flexion

Answer 39

lifting the arm forward in front of the body

Question 39

adduction of the shoulder

Answer 39

swinging the arm toward the midline of the body

Question 40

shoulder extension

Answer 40

send the arm back behind the body

Question 41

horizontal adduction//abduction of the shoulder

Answer 41

with arms extended, swinging the arm from front to back and vice versa

Question 42

Flexion of the elbow

Answer 42

bicep curl

Question 42

medial // lateral rotation of the shoulder

Answer 42

turning the shoulder so arm rotates inward toward the centerline or outward laterally

Question 43

Extension of the elbow

Answer 43

tricep pull down

Question 44

supination of the forearm

Answer 44

rotating palm up

Question 45

pronation of the forearm

Answer 45

rotating palm down

Question 46

Flexion of the wrist

Answer 46

palm towards the forearm

Question 47

extension of the wrist

Answer 47

palm away from the body (repulsor blast!)

Question 48

abduction of the wrist (radial deviation)

Answer 48

side bend of the wrist , thumb pulled toward the radius (judo chop!)

Question 49

adduction of the wrist (ulnar deviation)

Answer 49

side bend of the wrist, blade of hand extends toward ulna (needle at bottom of sea)

Question 50

Flexion // extension of the thumb

Answer 50

thumb curl in to or out away from palm

Question 50

adduction/abudction of thumb

Answer 50

thumb aligned with fingers or extended forward perpendicular to hand

Question 51

opposition of thumb

Answer 51

swings across palm to reach last finger

Question 52

flexion extenion of fingers

Answer 52

palm vs tiger claw

Question 52

adduction/abduction of fingers

Answer 52

fingers together or spread apart

Question 53

elevation/depression of jaw

Answer 53

jaw up and down

Question 54

protraction / retraction of jaw

Answer 54

jaw front to back

Question 55

lateral deviation of jaw

Answer 55

jaw side to side

Question 56

anterior tilt of pelvis

Answer 56

pelvis points down

Question 56

posterior tilt of pelvis

Answer 56

pelvis tilts up

Question 57

lateral til of pelvis

Answer 57

pelvis tilts side to side (conan hips)

Question 58

Flexion of hip

Answer 58

leg swings up like to kick

Question 59

extension of hip

Answer 59

leg swings back preperation for kick

Question 60

abduction of hips

Answer 60

legs spread apart

Question 61

adduction of hips

Answer 61

legs come together

Question 62

medial/lateral rotation of hips

Answer 62

hips turn in and out

Question 63

dorsiflexion of ankle

Answer 63

pull toes back

Question 64

plant flexion of ankle

Answer 64

extend foot out (pressing gas pedal)

Question 65

inversion of foot

Answer 65

turn foot, sole faces medially

Question 66

eversion of foot

Answer 66

turn foot sole faces laterally

Question 67

what is a joint

Answer 67

the point of contact between bones its structure determines its function.

Question 67

another term for a joint

Answer 67

articulation

Question 68

How fibrous joints move

Answer 68

little to no movement capability

Question 68

types of joints

Answer 68

fibrous cartilaginous synovial

Question 69

How synovial joints move

Answer 69

contains a joint cavity allowing space for movement.

Question 70

types of synovial joints

Answer 70

ball and socket ellipsoid hinge saddle gliding pivot

Question 71

Ball and socket joint

Answer 71

a spherical surface of one bone fits in to a dish shaped depression of another bone, capable of movement in every plane. ie shoulder

Question 72

ellipsoid joint

Answer 72

consists of an oval shaped end of one bone articulating with the elliptical basin of another bone. Permits flexion/extension and abduction/adduction ie radiocarpal/wrist

Question 73

hinge joint

Answer 73

allows only flexion and extension, like a door hinge ie elbow

Question 73

saddle joint

Answer 73

a moddified ellipsoidal joint comppose of convex and concave articulating surfaces. Think two saddles coming together.

Question 74

gliding joint

Answer 74

usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least movement of all the synovial joints. seen in carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of foot

Question 75

pivitol joint

Answer 75

designed to allow one bone to rotate aroudn the sruface of another bone. axis of the neck

Question 76

Osteokinematics

Answer 76

describes the movement of the skeletal system through planes of motion using the body standing in the anatomical position.

Question 76

arthrokinematics

Answer 76

the interaction between the two joint srfaces during movment

Question 77

neural plexus

Answer 77

branches of the spinal nerves that from complex neural networks called plexuses fibers from various spinal nerves recombine and form into the body parts

Question 78

cervical plexus

Answer 78

the anterior branches of the first four cervical nerves from the cervical plexus, which lies deep in the neck on either side.