ch5-head, neck, and face

Question 1

Triangles of the neck

Answer 1

Anterior:
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
base of the mandible
trachea.

Posterior:
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
clavicle
trapezius

Question 2

What notable anatomy resides within the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 2

hyoid bone, thyroid gland, carotid artery, submandibular gland, and styloid process of the temporal bone

Question 3

what notable anatomy resides within the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 3

brachial plexus and external jugular vein

Question 4

Facial bones

Answer 4

Inferior nasal concha 2x
lacrimal 2x
mandible
maxilla 2x
nasal 2x
palatine 2x
vomer
zygomatic 2x

Question 5

Cranial bones

Answer 5

ethmoid
frontal
occiput
parietal 2x
sphenoid
temporal 2x

Question 6

Bony landmarks of the skull

Answer 6

external occipital protuberence
temporal lines of parietal bone
coronal suture
external auditory meatus
mastoid process
condyle of the mandible
styloid process of temporal bone
temporomandibular joint
zygomatic arch
coronoid process
thyroid cartilage
circoid cartilage
trachea
foreamen magnum
inferior nuchal line
superior nuchal line
external occiptial protuberance

Question 7

external occipital protuberance

Answer 7

a small superficial point located along the back of the head at the center of the occiput

Question 8

superior nuchal lines

Answer 8

located along either side of the occipital protuberance, faint sometimes bumpy ridges which extend laterally to the mastoid process
Attachment site for the trapezius and splenius capitis muscles

Question 9

Temporal boney land marks

Answer 9

mastoid process
styloid process
zygomatic arch

Question 10

mastoid process of temporal bone

Answer 10

large superficial bump directly behind the earlobe. Attachment site for sternocleidomastoid and other muscles.

Question 11

zygomatic arch of temporal bone

Answer 11

formed by the temporal and zygomatic bones. Attachment site for the masseter muscle.

Question 12

styloid process of temporal bone

Answer 12

behind the earlobe between the mastoid process and posterior edge of the mandible. atachment site for several ligaments and muscles

Question 13

frontal bone

Answer 13

front of skull

Question 14

sphenoid bone

Answer 14

located inside the cranium, beyind the eyes, superior to the zygomatic arches

Question 15

facial bones

Answer 15

nasal
zygomatic
maxilla

Question 16

Muscles of the head neck and face

Answer 16

occipitalis
temporalis
frontalis
masseter
diagastric (anterior)
diagastric (posterior)
stylohyoid

thyrohyoid
omohyoid (superior)
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
sternomastoid

cplenius capitus
levator scapula
trapezius
posterior scalen
middle scalee
anterior scalene
omohyoid (inferior)

Question 17

muscles of cervical spine flexion (tilt head forward)

Answer 17

sterncleidomastoid (bilaterally)
Anterior Scalene (bilaterally)
Longus Capitus (bilaterally)
Longus Coli (bilaterally)

Question 18

muscle of cervical extension (tilt head back)

Answer 18

trapezius (upper fibers bilaterally)
Levator scapula (bilaterally)
splenius capitis (bilaterally)
spenius cervicis (bilaterally)
rectus capitius posterior major
rectus capitus posterior minor
oblique capitis superior
semispinalis capitis

assists:
longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocotalis cervicis
multifidi (bilaterally)
rotatores (bilaterally)
intertransversarii (bilaterally)
interspinalis

Question 19

Muscles for cervical rotation

Answer 19

UNILATERALLY TO THE SAME SIDE:
levator scapula
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
rectus capitis posterior marjo
obliqwue cpitis inferior
longus colli
longus capitis

assists:
longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis

UNLITAERALLY TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE:
trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalene
middle scalene
posterior scalne
multifidi
rotatores

Question 20

Muscles for lateral cervical flexion

Answer 20

trapezius upper fibers
levator scapula
sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalene
middles scalene
posterio scalene
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
longus capitis
longus colli

assists:
longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
oblique capitis superior
intertransversarii

Question 21

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 21

ACTION:
laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
bilaterally flex the neck

ORIGIN:
Sternal head; top of the manubrian
clavicular head;medial on therd of the clavicle

INSERTION:
mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchial line of the occiput

NERVE:
spinal accessory xi nerveC2.3

Question 22

Anterior Scalene

Answer 22

ACTION:
laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
rotate head and necto the to opposite side
bilaterally elevate ribs for breath, and flex the head and neck

ORIGIN: Transverse processes of third through sixth cervical vertebrae

INSERTION: first rib

Nerve: C3, 4-8

Question 23

MIDDLE SCALENE

Answer 23

ACTION:
laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
rotate head and necto the to opposite side
bilaterally elevate ribs for breath, and flex the head and neck

ORIGIN: Transverse processes of second through seventh cervical vertabrae

Insertion: First Rib

Nerve: C3;4-8

Question 24

Posterior Scalene

Question 25

Masseter

Answer 25

Action: Elevate the mandible may assist to protract mandible Origin: Zygomatic Arch Insertion: Angle and Ramus of mandible Nerve: trigemenial nerve mandidibular division

Question 26

Temporalis

Answer 26

ACTION: Elevate the mandible Retract the mandible Origin: Temporal Fossa and fascia Insertion Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible Nerve; Trigerminal nerve mandibular division

Question 27

Suprahyoids

Answer 27

Action: Elevate hyoid and tongue Depress mandible Origin: Geniohyoid, mylohyod: underside of mandible stylohyoid: styloid process Insertion: Hyoid bone Nerve: Geniohyoid: C1,2 Mylohyoid: Trigeminal Stylohyoid: Facial Vii

Question 28

Digastric

Answer 28

Action:> With hyoid bone fixed, depress the mandible with mandible fixed, elevate the hyoid bone, retract the mandible Origin: Mastoid process Insertion: inferior border of the mandible Nerve: Anterior belly: Trigeminal mandibular division Posterior belly: facial

Question 29

infrahyoids

Answer 29

Action: depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage Origin: Sternoyoid and sternothyroid: top of the manubrium thyrohyoid: thyroid cartilage omohyoid: superior border of the scapula Insertion: sternohyoid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid, hyoid bone sternothyroid: thyroid cartilage Nerve: sternohyoid, sernothyroid, omohyoid c123 Thyrohyroid: C1,2

Question 30

Platysma

Answer 30

Action: Assist to depress the mandible tight the fascia of the neck draw down corner of mouth Origin: Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major Insertion: Base of mandible, skin of lower part of face Nerve: Facial Vii

Question 31

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 31

Action: frontalis- raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead occipitals- anchor and retract the galea posteriorly Origin: galea oponeurotica Insertion: Frontalis: skin superior to the eyebrows Occipitalis: Superior Nuchal line of the occiput Nerve; Facial Vii

Question 32

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 32

Action: Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side Elevate the mandible protract the mandible origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla Insertion Medial surface of ramus of the mandible Nerve: Trigerminal V

Question 33

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 33

unilaterally: Laterally deviate the manible to the opposite side bilaterally, protract the mandible Origin superiror head, infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid Insertion: Articular disc and capsule of tempormandibular joint, neck of mandible Nerve: Trigerminal V