CH1. Textbook Flashcards
(25 cards)
Behavioural Medicine
a branch of medicine concerned with the relationship between health and behaviour. the focus is usually on remediation
healthy psychology
the application of psychological principles to the diagnosis and treatment of illness as well as to people’s attempts to maintain health and well-being
Early Stages of Health Psychology’s Development
- behaviourism
- cognition and personality
- coping styles
- psychoneuroimmunology
Behaviourism
Neal Miller (1983)
- Traced development of biomedical perspective on illness to the germ theory
- Explained medical non-compliance by: Gradient of reinforcement and delayed gratification
germ theory
the discovery that many illnesses are caused by the activity of microorganisms, such as bacteria
gradient of reinforcement
the gradual weakening of a behaviour the further it gets in time from the reinforcement of that behaviour
Delayed gratification
a term used by behaviourists to describe a situation in which there is a time lag between behaviour and reinforcement
Asymptomatic
someone who has not had the illnesses confirmed and has no symptoms
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
the study of the relationship between psychological stress and the functioning of the immune system
Immunocompetence
the extent to which our immune system is functioning properly to ward off microorganisms
Malignant neoplasms
cancerous growths that can be treated with radiation and chemical therapy
Biopsychosocial approach
a model suggesting that biological, psychological, and social factors are all involved in any given state of health or illness
Biomedical model
an approach suggesting that health is best understood in terms of biology
Health belief model
a model that analyzes health behaviour in terms of the belief that a health threat exists and the belief that given course of action will affect the threat
Response efficacy belief
the perception that a threat-reducing strategy will work
Cost-gain belief
an individual’s assessment of the costs associated with a course of action (e.g., effort, discomfort, embarassment, or inconvenience) compared to the benefit of the behaviour to the individual’s health
Theory of reasoned action
a theory that behaviour is preceded by intention and that our intention is influenced by beliefs about the behaviour and subjective norms.
Subjective norms
beliefs regarding what others think we should do and
the extent to which we are motivated to go along with these people.
Perceived behavioural control
the belief that a specific behaviour is within one’s control.
Theory of planned behaviour
a theory that behaviour is preceded by intention, and that intention is influenced not only by subjective norms and beliefs about the efficacy of the behaviour, but also by the belief that one is actually capable of performing the behaviour.
Integrative model of behavioural prediction
behaviour is preceded by intention, and that intention
is influenced not only by subjective norms and beliefs about the efficacy of the behaviour but also by the belief that one is actually capable of performing the behaviour and the environmental situation will allow for it. Notable also is that background variables may influence our beliefs.
Health approach process approach (HAPA)
an approach that divides health behaviours into a motivational phase and volitional phase
Stages of change model
a model containing six linear stages: precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, termination, and relapse.
Individualist
one who focuses on independence and self-reliance rather than placing group needs above their own.
