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Psych 365 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Sport Psychology

A

influence of psychological factors on sport

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2
Q

Exercise Psychology

A

influence of sport and exercise on psychological behaviour

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3
Q

Physical Activity

A

body movement

can vary in type, frequency, intensity, and duration

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4
Q

Physical Fitness

A

Physiological functioning and attributes we have to influence it
- cardiorespiratory endurance
- muscular endurance and strength
- body composition and flexibility

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5
Q

Sport

A

definition are usually too inclusive; should include power, competition, skills, etc.

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6
Q

health-illness continuum

A

death - illness - health - perfect health

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7
Q

Five components of health

A
  1. mental
  2. physical
  3. emotional
  4. social
  5. spiritual
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8
Q

active leisure vs. (______) is liked to positive outcomes and general wellness

A

passive leisure

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9
Q

how many minuted per day is recommended for physical activity

A

30 minutes a day

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10
Q

How many people in Canada are moderately active?

A

52% of the population are moderately active

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11
Q

True or false: Increase in number of Canadians aged 12 or older who are moderately active

A

True

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12
Q

Five forms of physical activity

A

three are based on resistance
two are based on oxygen use

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13
Q

Resistance physical activity

A
  • isometric
  • isotonic
  • isokinetic
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14
Q

Isometric

A

contract muscle without moving body

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15
Q

Isotonic

A

Weight training

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16
Q

Isokinetic

A

Tension on muscle with range of motion

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17
Q

Oxygen based physical activity

A

Anaerobic
Aerobic

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18
Q

Anaerobic

A

lengthy effort, jogging

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19
Q

Aerobic

A

intense effort, short range

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20
Q

True or False: Extensive literature shows physical and psychological benefits of exercise

A

True

  • highlight mind-body integration
  • some concerns re: methodology
  • ostrow (1996) developed special psychological test for particular sports
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21
Q

Physical activity is linked to ______

Study These Flashcards
A

Sense of self, cognitive functioning, and mood

22
Q

Lots of data show _____ between physical activity and mental health

23
Q

Exercise is positively associated with

Study These Flashcards
A
  • improved self-concept (many measures)
  • higher self-esteem
  • greater perceived self-efficacy
24
Q

What predicts athlete performance?

Study These Flashcards
A

Self-efficacy

25
Self-efficacy
global beliefs about one's ability to perform in a specific situation
26
Four sources of efficacy expectations
1. performance accomplishments 2. various experience 3. verbal persuasion 4. emotional arousal
27
Physical activity and cognitive functioning
- Inconsistent findings re: link between exercise and improved cognitive function - Largely due to poor methodologies? (Tomporowski & Eills, 1986) - Results from meta-analysis suggest long-term engagement in exercise improves fitness and cognitive ability (Etnier et al., 1997)
28
Was has been found to reduce state anxiety in some people (time-out from daily hassles, increased arousal during exercise)
exercise
29
______ can lessen non-clinical depression and may buffer the effects of stress
Physical activity
30
Benefits from physical activity:
- Improved muscle strength and endurance - Increased cardiorespiratory fitness - Improved flexibility - Improved weight control and fat metabolism - Improved sleep - Prevention of bone density loss - A reduction in poor health habits - Reduced risk of injury - Increased energy - Improved cardiovascular functioning + Reduced mortality and increased longevity + Lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CH D) - Other disease prevention and health promotion
31
Non-adherence
An inability to stay with an exercise program
32
How many people drop out within the first 6 months of a fitness program?
50% drop out within first 6 month
33
Reasons for difficulty with adherence
- exercise is initially aversive and offers few immediate rewards - competitive nature of sports may threaten self-esteem (e.g., social comparison)
34
Positive benefits associated with exercise and sport come with time
= ultimately outweigh initial costs
35
adherence to a program...
- requires specific, relevant salient reasons - depends on: physical proximity to exercise area, free time, spousal support, group size, SES, activity choice, and injury
36
Psychological Factors Affecting Performance in Exercise and Sport: Areas of concern in sport psychology
1. Psychological Skills 2. Clinical Issues
37
1. Psychological Skills
- sports skills can be generalized beyond athletic environment to life
38
2. Clinical Issues
- issues that may compromise an athlete's performance (e.g., injury, eating disorder, depression)
39
Psychological Skills
- arousal, attention
40
Psychological methods
1. relaxation 2. goal setting 3. imagery, etc.., that develop skills 4. goal setting
41
1. Relaxation Skills
- ability to relax under pressure ---> better of sport - progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) - breathing control helps
42
2. Self-talk
- Can predict performance success (Orlick & Partington, 1988) - Can serve many functions in sport: + Increase self-confidence and/or efficacy + Correct errors and bad habits - Positive self-talk can help athletes + Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy
43
Imagery
- Sensory experience of performing the sport without external stimuli - Internal: active experience, in own body - External: third-person observer of self - Can help performance but still understanding how best to use it
44
Goal-setting
- two different perspectives + - three types of goals
45
Two different perspective
1. ego orientation - success vs. failure 2. task orientation - own performance
46
Three types of goals
1. outcome - results (involves comparison) 2. performance - independent of others 3. process - processes during performance
47
Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions
- originate in meditative traditions - highly aware of one's internal and external experiences in the context of an accepting, non-judgmental stance (Cardaciotto et a., 2008)
48
An individual’s response to injury is complex, and depends on:
- Nature and severity of injury - The role/importance of sport in one’s life - Responses of the one’s support network
49
Injured athletes experiences _____ of emotions
ranges ex. fear, anger, disbelief, depression
50
Physical activity and injury models focus on either one of
- stages of reaction (like stages of dying) - cognitive reappraisal (stress and coping)
51
True or False: Psychologist has crucial role in the intervention and management of injuries
True

Psych 365 (6 decks)

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