Ch.12 Alkanes

Question 1

These are hydrocarbons that have C-C and C-H bonds. The carbons can be joined together to form chains or rings of atoms.

Answer 1

Alkanes

Question 2

Alkanes that contain chains of carbon atoms but no rings.

Answer 2

Acrylic alkanes

Question 3

What is the molecular formula for acylic alkanes?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

n=# of carbons

Question 4

What is another term for acylic alkanes and why is it called this?

Answer 4

saturated hydrocarbons because they have a maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon.

Question 5

These are alkanes containing carbons joined in one or more rings

Answer 5

Cycloalkanes

Question 6

What is the molecular formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 6

CnH2n

Question 7

This is a chemical substance used for communication in animal species and is an acylic alkane? Has a molecular structure of C11H24

Answer 7

Pheromone

Question 8

Acylic alkanes that have fewer than 5 carbons.

Answer 8

Simple alkanes

Question 9

What are two types of simple alkanes?

Answer 9

Methane

Ethane

Question 10

This has a single carbon atom

Surrounded by 4 hydrogen’s to give it 4 bonds.

Answer 10

Methane

Question 11

This has 2 carbon atoms joined together by a single bond. Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 hydrogen’s to give it 4 bonds.

Answer 11

Ethane

Question 12

Since each carbon in an alkane is surrounded by 4 atoms each carbon is _____ with bond angles of ______.

Answer 12

Tetrahedral

109.5

Question 13

This has 3 carbon atoms single bonded in a row. Each carbon has hydrogen atoms bonded to give it 4 bonds.

Answer 13

Propane

Question 14

This has 4 carbon atoms single bonded in a row with hydrogen atoms bonded to each to give it 4 bonds.

Answer 14

Butane

Question 15

This has 3 carbon atoms in a row and one carbon bonded to the middle carbon. Has enough hydrogen atoms on each carbon to give each carbon 4 bonds.

Answer 15

Isobutane

Question 16

Isobutane and butane are _____. Two different compounds with the same molecular formula

Answer 16

Isomers

Question 17

These are isomers that differ in the way atoms are connected to each other.

Answer 17

Constitutional isomers

Question 18

As the number of carbon atoms in an alkane increases so does the number of _____.

Answer 18

Isomers

Question 19

How many constitutional isomers are there for the 5 carbon alkane? And what are they called?

Answer 19

3
Pentane
Isopentane
Neopentane

Question 20

Carbon atoms in alkanes and other organic compounds are classified by the number of other _____ directly bonded to them.

Answer 20

Carbon

Question 21

A primary carbon is bonded to ____ other Carbon.

Answer 21

One

Question 22

Secondary carbons are bonded to _____ other carbons.

Answer 22

Two

Question 23

Tertiary carbons are bonded to ____ other Carbons.

Answer 23

Three

Question 24

Quaternary carbons are bonded to _____ other carbons.

Answer 24

4

Question 25

Rotation can occur around carbon-carbon ____ bonds.

Answer 25

Single

Question 26

What does bond rotation allow?

Answer 26

Allows the hydrogen’s on one CH3 group to adopt different orientations relative to the hydrogen’s of other CH3.

Question 27

What is the most stable arrangement of bond?

Answer 27

The most stable arrangements avoid crowding between nearby carbons.

Question 28

IUPAC stands for what? And what is it?

Answer 28

International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry. | It’s used to name alkanes.

Question 29

Most drugs have what 3 names?

Answer 29

Systematic Generic Trade

Question 30

These are alkanes that have carbon branches.

Answer 30

Substituents

Question 31

This indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule.

Answer 31

Parent name

Question 32

This indicates what functional group, of any, are present -ane indicates and alkane.

Answer 32

Suffix

Question 33

This tells us the identity, location and number of substituents attached to the carbon chain.

Answer 33

Prefix

Question 34

What is the order of naming substituents?

Answer 34

Prefix+parent+suffix

Question 35

Carbon substituents bonded to a long carbon chain are called?

Answer 35

Alkyl groups

Question 36

These are formed by removing one hydrogen from an alkane.

Answer 36

Alkyl group

Question 37

How do you name an alkyl group?

Answer 37

Remove the -ane from the parent alkane and replace it with -yl Example is methane to methyl

Question 38

Name the steps taken in naming an acylic alkane.

Answer 38

1. Find the longest continuous carbon chain. And name the parent. 6 carbons would be hexane. 2. Number the atoms in the carbon chain to give the 1st substituent the lower number. 3 name the number of substituents. 4. Combine aubstituents names and numbers + parent + suffix 5. Alphabetize the names of the substituents ignoring prefixes like di-

Question 39

______ contain carbon atoms arranged in rings.

Answer 39

Cycloalkanes

Question 40

What is the arrangement and angles of cycloalkanes with more than 3 carbons?

Answer 40

Chair form | 109.5

Question 41

Many alkanes occur in nature primarily in _____ and ____. Both of which are fossil fuels and serve as energy sources formed long ago from the degradation of organic material.

Answer 41

Natural gas and petroleum

Question 42

What is natural gas composed of?

Answer 42

Methane with lesser amounts of Ethan, propane, and butane.

Question 43

What is petroleum composed of?

Answer 43

A mixture of compounds, most of which are hydrogen’s containing 1-40 carbon atoms. It is nonrenewable.

Question 44

Define refining.

Answer 44

Distilling crude petroleum. Separates it into usable fractions that differ in boiling points.

Question 45

Alkanes contain only nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds so they exhibit only weak ______ _____.

Answer 45

Intermolecular forces.

Question 46

Alkanes have ____ melting and boiling points.

Answer 46

Low

Question 47

Melting and boiling points of alkanes _____ as the number of carbons increases.

Answer 47

Increases.

Question 48

What reaction can an alkane undergo involving oxygen?

Answer 48

Combustion

Question 49

When an alkane burns in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 49

Combustion

Question 50

Combustion is an example of what?

Answer 50

An oxidation-reduction reaction.

Question 51

An increase in number of C-O bonds and a decrease in number of C-H bonds indicates what?

Answer 51

Oxidation.

Question 52

A decrease in number of C-O bonds and a increase in number of C-H bonds indicates what?

Answer 52

Reduction

Question 53

What happens during incomplete combustion?

Answer 53

Carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide.

Question 54

This is the reaction of an alkane with a halogen.

Answer 54

Halogenation.

Question 55

What is formed during halogenation?

Answer 55

An alkyl halide and a hydrogen halide

Question 56

Halogenation only occurs when the reactants are____ together or exposed to ____.

Answer 56

Heated | Light

Question 57

Halogenation is an example of a ____ reaction.

Answer 57

Substitution

Question 58

A reaction in which an atom is replaced by another atom or a ground of atoms.

Answer 58

Substitution reaction.