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SMS415 > ch.12- Systems development: Investigation and analysis > Flashcards

ch.12- Systems development: Investigation and analysis Flashcards

1
Q

• Systems Design Life Cycle (SDLC) method- 5 phases in developing information systems:

A
  1. Investigation
    2. Analysis
    3. Design
    4. Implementation
    5. Maintenance and review
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2
Q

stakeholders

A

PPL in organization who themselves or through org. they represent benefit from the systems development project

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3
Q

USers

A

ppl who interact with the system regularly

○ Employees, managers, suppliers

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4
Q

systems analyst

A

professional who specializes in analyzing and designing business systems
○ Play various roles while interacting with the stakeholders and users, mgmt, vendors, suppliers, external companies, programmers, other IS support personnel

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5
Q

programmer

A

specialist responsible for modifying or developing programs to satisfy user requirements
○ Takes plans from systems analyst and builds or modifies necessary software

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6
Q

individual systems developper

A

person who performs all the systems development roles- systems analyst, programmer, technical specialist, etc….
○ Can create applications for group or entire org.
○ May specialize in developing applications for individuals (apps for smartphones etc…)

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7
Q

individual users

A

acquire applications for both personal and professional use.

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8
Q

end user systems development

A

And systems development project in which the primary effort is undertaken by combination of business managers and users

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9
Q

Information systems planning

A

translating strategic and organizational goals in to systems development initiatives

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10
Q

creative analysis

A

investigation of new approaches to existing problems.

Looking at problems in new or different ways, introducing innovative methods to solve them

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11
Q

critical analysis

A

unbiased and careful questioning of whether system elements are related I the most effective ways
○ Critical analysis in systems development involves:
§ Questioning statements
§ Identifying and resolving objectives and orientations that conflict

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12
Q

mission critical system

A

systems that play pivotal role in an org. continued operations and goal attainment

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13
Q

critical success factors (CSF)

A

factors that are essential to the success of a functional area of an org.

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14
Q

SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION

A

-problems/ opportunities identified

○ Considered in light of the goals of the business

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15
Q

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

A

study of existing systems and work processes to identify strengths , weaknesses and opportunities for improvement

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16
Q

SYSTEMS DESIGN

A

how the information system will do what it must do to obtain solution
- ○ Details systems outputs, inputs, user interfaces
○ Specifies hardware, software, database, telecommunications, personnel, procedure components and shows how these components are related

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17
Q

SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION

A

Creation or acquisition of various system components detailed in the system design, assembling them, and placing the new modified systems in to operation

  • ○ To train the users
    ○ Results in installed, operational information system that meets business needs.

Can also involve phasing out/ removing old system.

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18
Q

SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE AND REVIEW

A

: ensures the system operates , modifies system so it continues to meet changing business needs

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19
Q

PROTOTYPING

A

iterative approach to the systems development process
○ At each iteration requirements and alternative solutions identified and analyzed, new solutions are designed, portion of the systems is implemented.

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20
Q

PROTOTYPING- CLASSIFICATIONS (2)

A

§ Operational: prototype that works

§ Non- operational: a mock up or model that incl input and output specifications

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21
Q

Rapid application development (RAD)

A

system development approach that employs tools, techniques, and methodologies designed to speed application development.

  • ○ Can also be used to make systems development projects more flexible and agile to be able to rapidly change with changing conditions ad environments
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22
Q

AGILE DEVELOPMENT

A

requires cooperation and frequent face to face meetings with all participants

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23
Q

EXTREME PROGRAMMING (XP)

A

uses pairs of programmers who work together to design, test, code parts of the systems they develop

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24
Q

ADAPTIVE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (ASD)

A

grew out of rapid application development

○ Stresses iterative process that involves analysis, design, implementation at each cycle iteration

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25
Q

Leab software development

A

comes from lean manufacturing
○ Stresses continuous learning, just in time decision making, empowering systems development teams, and elimination of waste

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26
Q

RATIONAL UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT (RUP)

A

○ Uses iterative approach to software development that stresses quality as the software is changed and updated over time.

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27
Q

FEATURE DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT (FDD)

A

iterative systems development approach that stresses the features of new or modified system,

  • developing overall model,
  • creating list of features,
  • planning by features,
  • designing by features,
  • building by features
28
Q

CRYSTAL METHODOLOGIES

A

-family of systems development approaches, -concentrates on effective team work, reduction of paper work, bureaucracy to make development projects faster and more efficient.

29
Q

PROJECT SCHEDULE

A

detailed description of what is to be done

30
Q

PROJECT MILESTONE

A

critical date for completion of major part of the project

31
Q

PROJECT DEADLINE

A

date the entire project is to be completed and operational

32
Q

CRITICAL PATH

A

activities that , if delayed, would delay entire project

33
Q

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

A
  • formalized approach for developing project schedule
  • 3 estimates for an activity: shortest , most likely, longest possible time

-

34
Q

GANTT CHART

A

graphical tool used for planning, monitoring, coordinating projects

35
Q

COMPUTER AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CASE)

A

automate many of the tasks req in a systems development effort and encourage adherence to SDLC

36
Q

Upper case tools

A

provide automated tools to assist with systems investigation, analysis, design activities

37
Q

lower case tools

A

focus on the later implementation stage so systems development, automatically generate program code

38
Q

Object oriented systems development (OOSD)

A

approach to systems development

○ combines logic of systems development life cycle with the power of object oriented modelling and programming

39
Q

SYSTEM REQUEST FORM

A

document filled out by someone that wants IS department to initiative system investigations.
○ Helps rationalize and prioritize the activities of IS department

40
Q

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

A

assessment of technical, economic, legal, operational, and schedule feasibility pf project.

41
Q

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

A

assessment of whether the hardware, software, and other systems components can be acquired or developed to solve the problem.

42
Q

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

A

determination of whether the project makes financial sense and whether predicted benefits offset the cost and time needed to obtain them.

43
Q

LEGAL FEASIBILITY

A

determination of whether laws or regulations may prevent or limit a system development project

44
Q

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

A

measure whether the project can be put in to action or operation.

45
Q

SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY

A

determination of whether the project can be completed in a reasonable amount of time

46
Q

SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION REPORT

A

Summary of the results of the systems investigation + process of feasibility analysis and recommendation of a course of action.

47
Q

STEERING COMMITTEE

A

Advisory group consisting of senior mgmt and users from IS department and other functional areas.

  • ○ Helps IS personnel with their decisions about use of information systems
48
Q

STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

A

questions written in advance

49
Q

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

A

questions not written in advance

50
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION

A

directly observing the existing system in action by one or more members of the analysis team

-discover how data flows

51
Q

QUESTIONNAIRES

A

-Method of gathering data when the data sources spread over a wide geographic area.
○ Can be structured or unstructured

52
Q

STATISTICAL SAMPLING

A

selecting random sample of data and applying the characteristics of the sample to the whole group.
○ Assume the sample applies to entire population

53
Q

DATA ANALYSIS

A

Manipulation of collected data so that the development team members who are participating in systems analysis can use the data

-

54
Q

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A

model of objects, associations, activities, that describes how data can flow between and around various objects

55
Q

DATA FLOW LINE

A

arrows that show the direction of data element movement

56
Q

PROCESS SYMBOL

A

represents function that is performed

57
Q

ENTITY SYMBOL

A

source or destination of data element

58
Q

DATA STORE

A

storage location for data

59
Q

APPLICATION FLOW CHARTS

A

diagrams that show relationships among applications or systems

60
Q

GRID CHART

A

table that shows relationships among the various aspects of a systems development effort.
○ Shows which applications use common databases

61
Q

CASE REPOSITORY

A

database of system descriptions, parameters, objectives

62
Q

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

A

determination of user, stakeholder, org. needs

63
Q

ASKING DIRECTORY

A

approach to gather data that asks users, stakeholders, other managers about what they want in and expect from new modified system

64
Q

SCREEN LAYOUT

A

technique that allows designer to quickly and efficiently design the features, layout, and format of a display screen
More data for infrequent users; less data for freq users

65
Q

REPORT LAYOUT

A

allows designers to diagram and format printed reports

SMS415 (8 decks)

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