ch14 Flashcards
(33 cards)
monosaccharides are ___compounds with ___melting points, they are capable of ___bonding, and are ___water-soluble
polar compounds
high melting point
hydrogen bonding
very water soluble
glucose and fructose are_____
monosaccharides
disaccharides contain no _______
carbonyl groups
monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C1
aldoses
monosaccharides with a carbonyl group at C2
ketoses
triose
3 carbons
tetrose
4 carbons
pentose
5 carbons
hexose
6 carbons
galactosemia
lack the enzyme needed to metabolize galactose, which accumulates. Causes cataracts and cirrhosis.
the prefix D is used when…
the -OH group is drawn on the right side of the carbon chain
the prefix L is used when…
the -OH group is drawn on the left side of the carbon chain
naturally occurring isomer of monosaccharides
D-
If a monosaccharide has more than one chirality center, the chirality center _____ determines whether it is D or L.
farthest from the carbonyl group
another name for glucose
dextrose
normal blood glucose levels
70-100mg/dL
insulin
conversation of glucose into glycogen
glucagon
raise the concentration of glucose and fat in the bloodstream, the main catabolic hormone of the body.
hemiacetals
addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone
acetal
when an hemiacetal reacts with another molecule of alcohol.
a isomer
a-D-glucose, the OH group is drawn down
b isomer
b-D-glucose, the OH group is drawn up
reduction of the aldehyde carbonyl group
the carbonyl group is reduced to an alcohol using H2 with Pd.
Product is called alditol.
H-C=O turns into CH2OH
oxidation of the aldehyde carbonyl group
oxidized to a gluconic acid using Benedict’s reagent. (Blue to Red)
H-C=O turns into OH-C=O (COOH)
