ch16

Question 1

ferritin

Answer 1

protein that stores iron in the liver

Question 2

pH at 6 to 7

Answer 2

neutral amino acid, zwittterionic form

no net charge

Question 3

pH < 2

Answer 3

the carboxylate anion gains a proton, giving the amino acid a net positive charge (addition of a strong acid)
COO- becomes COOH

Question 4

pH > 10

Answer 4

the ammonium cation loses a proton, giving the amino acid a net negative charge (addition of a strong base)
H3N+ becomes H2N

Question 5

fibrous protein

Answer 5

long linear polypeptide chains
insoluble in water
provide structural support

Question 6

globular protein

Answer 6

coiled into compact shapes
water soluble (hydrophilic outer surface)
ex. enzymes and transport proteins

Question 7

a-Keratin

Answer 7

alanine and leucine
Large number of casting residues
disulfide bonds

Question 8

collagen

Answer 8

glycine and proline
hydrogen bonding
needs vitamin C

Question 9

oxidoreductases

Answer 9

catalyze redox reaction

Question 10

transferases

Answer 10

catalyze transfer of a functional group to a different molecule
ex Kinase and Transaminase

Question 11

Kinase

Answer 11

transfer of phosphate group

Question 12

Transaminase

Answer 12

transfer of amino group

Question 13

hydrolases

Answer 13

hydrolysis reactions, add water and break bonds

Question 14

catalase

Answer 14

catalyze the conversion of H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide to O2 and H2O

Question 15

carboxypeptidase

Answer 15

catalyze a particular type of reaction with a variety of substrates

Question 16

carboxypeptidase

Answer 16

a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of a specific peptide bond (@ c-terminal end)

Question 17

Hydrolase’s can be subdivided into___

Answer 17

lipases

Question 18

Lipase

Answer 18

catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in lipids

Question 19

Protease

Answer 19

catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins

Question 20

Cofactor

Answer 20

metal ion/nonprotein organic molecule needed for an enzyme reaction to occur

Question 21

NAD+

Answer 21

cofactor that oxidizes lactate to pyruvate

Question 22

Coenzyme

Answer 22

an organic compound that serves as an enzyme cofactor, these bind temporarily to the catalytic site

Question 23

Reversible inhibitor

Answer 23

binds to an enzyme, but can detach and allow enzyme activity to be restored

Question 24

Irreversible inhibitor

Answer 24

covalently binds to an enzyme and permanently destroys its activity

Question 25

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 25

bonds to the enzyme, but not the active site

Question 26

A competitive inhibitor

Answer 26

has the shape and structure similar to the substrate, and competes with it to bind to the active site

Question 27

penicillin

Answer 27

antibiotic that irreversible binds to the OH group of enzyme needed for the synthesis of a bacterial cell wall (glycopeptide transpeptidase)

Question 28

Antibiotic Sulfanilamide

Answer 28

competitive inhibitor of the enzyme needed to synthesize vitamin folic acid in bacteria. binds to active site, preventing growth of bacteria

Question 29

creatine phosphokinase

Answer 29

heart attack

Question 30

alkaline phosphatase present

Answer 30

liver or bone disease

Question 31

acid phosphate present

Answer 31

prostate cancer

Question 32

amylase, lipase present in the blood

Answer 32

disease of pancreas

Question 33

ACE inhibitors

Answer 33

prevent high BP by preventing ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) synthesis

Question 34

enkephalins

Answer 34

peptides synthesized in the brain that act as painkillers and sedatives by binding to pain receptors

Question 35

lysozyme

Answer 35

catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in the bacterial walls, weakening them and causing bacteria to burst

Question 36

protein hydrolysis

Answer 36

the amide bonds in a protein form the individual amino acids that comprise the primary structure

Question 37

trypsinogen to trypsin by....

Answer 37

enterokinase inactive to active intestines

Question 38

protein denaturation

Answer 38

altering the shape of the protein without breaking the bonds that form the primary structure.

Question 39

specific conditions for enzymes

Answer 39

pH around 7.4 and temperature of 37 degrees C