ch15

Question 1

LDL

Answer 1

transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues

Question 2

HDL

Answer 2

transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver

Question 3

recommended levels of HDL

Answer 3

> 40 mg/dL

Question 4

recommended levels of LDL

Answer 4

< 100 mg/dL

Question 5

recommended total serum cholesterol level

Answer 5

< 200 mg/dL

Question 6

When a hormone binds to a receptor, it results in the activation of a ____

Answer 6

signal transduction pathway

Question 7

Hormones bind to ___, to affect distant cells and change the cell function

Answer 7

receptor proteins

Question 8

female sex hormones

Answer 8

estrogens and progestins

Question 9

estrogens

Answer 9

estradiol and estrone, control development of secondary sex characteristics and regulate menstrual cycle

Question 10

progestin

Answer 10

progesterone, “Pregnancy hormone” prep of uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

Question 11

male sex hormones

Answer 11

called androgens, testosterone and androsterone

Question 12

anabolic steroids

Answer 12

synthetic androgens, not metabolized as quickly and can cause high BP, liver damage, and cardiovascular disease

Question 13

three adrenal cortical steroids

Answer 13

aldosterone, cortisone, cortisol

Question 14

aldosterone

Answer 14

regulate BP by controlling concentration of Na+ and K+

Question 15

cortisone and cortisol

Answer 15

anti-inflammatory drugs, regulate carbohydrate metabolism

Question 16

prednisone

Answer 16

synthetic alternative to cortisone

Question 17

cortisone

Answer 17

suppress organ rejection after transplant surgery, treat allergies and autoimmune disorders.

Question 18

4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 18

ADEK

Question 19

2 water soluble vitamins

Answer 19

B and C

Question 20

Vitamin A

Answer 20

found in fish,liver, and dairy
made from B-Carotene
deficiency affects visions, eyes, and skin

Question 21

Vitamin D

Answer 21

synthesized from cholesterol
found in milk
helps regulate Ca+ and K+ metabolism
deficient: rickets

Question 22

Vitamin E

Answer 22

antioxidant found in nuts

deficient: neurologica problems

Question 23

antioxidants

Answer 23

protect unsaturated side chains in fatty acids from unwanted oxidation

Question 24

vitamin K

Answer 24

regulates clotting proteins (prothrombin)

deficient: excessive bleeding

Question 25

hydrolyzable lipids

Answer 25

waxes triacylglycerols phospholipids

Question 26

nonhydrolyzable lipids

Answer 26

steroid | fat-soluble vitamins

Question 27

saturated fatty acids

Answer 27

no double bonds

Question 28

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 28

one or more double bond

Question 29

increase # of double bonds =

Answer 29

decrease melting point

Question 30

fats have a ___melting point | oils have a ___ melting point

Answer 30

fats have a higher melting point (few double bonds) | oils have a lower melting point (large number of double bonds)

Question 31

waxes composed of

Answer 31

a fatty acid and a long chain alcohol