Ch.17 + 18 Music Therapy in Medical Treatment Settings and Physical Rehabilitation

Question 1

Common Characteristics, Problems, and Needs of Clients

Answer 1

High variation in client diagnoses and age, therefore considerations are focused on: physical needs i.e. pain reduction and increased pain tolerance, psychosocial needs i.e. anxiety reduction, stress reduction and normalization of a new state of being.

Question 2

Settings for Service Delivery

Answer 2

Hospitals, Outpatient Facilities, Clinics, Doctors Offices, Home Health Care Programs, Educational Programs, Childbirth Programs, and different hospital settings such as: labor and delivery, neonatal care, pediatrics, coronary intensive care, pulmonology, oncology and many more.

Question 3

What is the Music Therapists role in the hospital setting?

Answer 3

“Music Therapists function as cooperative members of the medical team.” A MTs goal is to enable a client to “regain as full degree of health as possible”. (Lathom-Radocy, 2016)

Question 4

Music can be used as or in ___________.

Answer 4

Medicine. Music can be used as medicine to address pain and stress. Music can be used in medical procedures including invasive and non-invasive to address pain and stress.

Question 5

Music Therapy Interventions in Labor/Delivery

Answer 5

An attention-focusing stimulus, a distraction stimulus to divert attention from pain, a stimulus for pleasure response, a conditioned stimulus for relaxation, and a structural aid to breathing. Integrating family (siblings) into the birthing process.

Question 6

Music Therapy Interventions in Neonatal Care

Answer 6

An integration of the sounds of the maternal arteries and heartbeat can soothe premature babies in the hospital environment as it is what they first heard in the womb. Lullabies have positive effects on oxygen levels, heart rate, and respiration rate. Body part songs stimulate tactile exploration development. Promote bonding between parents and infants through personalization of the musical experience.

Question 7

Music Therapy Interventions for Children or Adolescents Who Have Acute or Chronic Medical Conditions

Answer 7

Opportunities for expressing and dealing with feelings relate to hospitalization, diversionary experiences and opportunities for socialization, normalization experiences that provide opportunities to continue age-appropriate motor, language, and social development, and integrative experiences that help children with chronic conditions or traumatic injuries to live their lives to the fullest.

Question 8

Goals in Music Therapy in Rehabilitation

Answer 8

Rehabilitation and Psychosocial

Question 9

What is Neurological Music Therapy (NMT)?

Answer 9

“Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) is the therapeutic application of music to cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunction. NMT is based on a neuroscience model of music perception and production and the influence of music on non-musical functional changes. Treatments are standardized.” (Jones, 2022)

Question 10

What are the Goal Areas for NMT?

Answer 10

Speech and Language, Motor Skills, and Cognition

Question 11

Why should we use Music to address Speech Rehabilitation?

Answer 11

1. Shared neural networks between speech and singing
2. Role of melody
3. Role of rhythm

Question 12

What areas of the brain does music and speech affect?

Answer 12

Music impacts both hemispheres of the brain, and recruits the right side of the brain to rehab the left side which processes language. Melody also reflects the prosody of speech. See picture on Maddie’s computer for more.

Question 13

What is the role of rhythm in speech?

Answer 13

Rhythm provides entrainment and priming.

Question 14

Why use music for Motor Skill rehabilitation?

Answer 14

Rhythm provides entrainment and priming. But also: 2. The role of music components: melody, harmony, dynamics, and the sonification of movement
sonification = musical representation of sound to influence action perception.(See Dr. Jones’ slides and any notes anyone has to share.)

Question 15

Why use music in physical rehabilitation?

Answer 15

Music can represent various aspects of a movement: spatial, temporal, velocity.

Question 16

How can Music Therapy improve Cognitive Rehabilitation?

Answer 16

1. Music can arouse and engage attention
2. Musiccanstimulatememoryrecallàorientation
3. Music is multi-sensory (greater distribution of potential attention arousal )

Question 17

How can Music Therapy impact Psychosocial Skills?

Answer 17

1. Music is expressive
   A. verbal
   B. non-verbal
2. Sharing musically with another can be:
   A. validating
   B. empowering

Question 18

What do physical rehabilitation programs do?

Answer 18

“[They] work to restore functional abilities in cognition, communication, physical skills, activities of daily living, and psychosocial skills for individuals who have injuries or illness that caused physical, cognitive, sensory and/or perceptual deficits.”(Lathom-Radocy, 2016)

Question 19

What is a TBI?

Answer 19

Traumatic Brain Injury,

Question 20

What is the Music Therapy Assessment Tool for Low Awareness States?

Answer 20

This assessment tool collects client data including: (a) visual, (b) auditory, (c) awareness of musical stimuli, (d) verbal commands, (e) arousal to assist the MT in creating an appropriate treatment plan for the client.

Question 21

What are the different types of strokes?

Answer 21

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic

Question 22

What are the common needs of clients in Physical Rehabilitation settings?

Answer 22

Using the Functional Independence Measure, six categories of life activities are identified: self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication (receptive and expressive), and social cognition (includes social interaction, problem solving, and memory).