Ch2 Flashcards
True or False: Bacterial cell walls are composed of B(1,3) linkages
False; B(1,4).
True or False: The MS ring spins the flagellum using proton motif force in bacteria.
True
Which portion of the LPS is the endotoxin causing fever and immune response?
lipid A
Bacteria without cell walls use _________ for cell rigidity
hopanoids
In the phospholipid bilayer, the fatty acid tail is ________ and the head is _________
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
What multicellular organizations can bacteria assume? Briefly describe each.
Trichromes (smooth, unbranched chains of cells)
Hyphae (branching filaments of cells)
Mycelia (a network (bunch) of hyphae)
What is the normal range of bacteria when it comes to length?
.5 - 5 micrometers
When it comes to the cytoplasm, state the functions of the structures: inclusion bodies, gas vesicles, magnetosomes, regulatory factors, plasmids
Storage of carbon, phosphate, nitrogen,
sulfur;
buoyancy flotation;
navigation Earth magnetic field Orienting cell during movement;
Control of replication, transcription, and
translation;
variable, encode non‐chromosomal
genes for a variety of functions
Briefly describe what is in the cytoplasm.
largest area is the nucleoid, remainder of the contains a stew of macromolecules
(tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, proteins, etc.)
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton
they are a bunch of internal proteins that help keep everything in and move things to the right location.
What are FtsZ, MreB, and ParM?
all are cytoskeleton proteins
FtsZ: aids in cell division; forms a ring
MreB: provides structure
ParM: separates plasmids before cell division
What is the importance of the cell envelope? What is it usually made of?
separates the interior from the external environment; phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
What are hopanoids and their significance?
sterol molecule that helps with stability relative to temperature changes (cholesterol of eukaryal cells)
