Ch2 Flashcards by VALERIA SANTOS-SILVA

Which of the following represents “surface-level diversity”?
• a) Personality
• b) Values
• c) Gender
• d) Work preferences

c) Gender

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Which term refers to unwanted sexual advances or verbal/physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment?
• a) Intimidation
• b) Incivility
• c) Exclusion
• d) Sexual harassment

d) Sexual harassment

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What is “implicit bias”?
• a) Openly stated prejudice
• b) A type of discrimination written in company policy
• c) A hidden prejudice outside one’s conscious awareness
• d) Treating everyone equally

c) A hidden prejudice outside one’s conscious awareness

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Which of the following is an example of deep-level diversity?
• a) Age
• b) Ethnicity
• c) Work preferences
• d) Race

Work preferences

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True or False: The CROWN Act was created to prohibit employers from enforcing grooming policies that restrict natural hairstyles.

True

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Which of the following is considered “disparate impact” in an organization?
• a) An intentional discriminatory policy
• b) Policies that unintentionally disadvantage a legally protected group
• c) Treating everyone the same regardless of differences
• d) A flexible work schedule

b) Policies that unintentionally disadvantage a legally protected group

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What is meant by “prejudice” in the workplace?
• a) Openly supporting diversity
• b) Broad, generalized feelings towards a group that maintain a hierarchy
• c) A company’s dress code policy
• d) Fair treatment of all employees

b) Broad, generalized feelings towards a group that maintain a hierarchy

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True or False: The “glass ceiling” refers to an invisible barrier that prevents certain individuals from advancing to higher positions.

True

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Which of the following best defines “social categorization”?
• a) An organizational restructuring process
• b) The process of dividing people into groups based on similar characteristics
• c) A hiring strategy
• d) A method for employee training

b) The process of dividing people into groups based on similar characteristics

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Which of the following is an example of a discriminatory practice in organizations?
• a) Providing equal opportunities to all
• b) Assigning women to marginal job roles with limited promotion potential
• c) Offering diverse training programs
• d) Celebrating cultural differences

b) Assigning women to marginal job roles with limited promotion potential

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Which cross-cultural framework includes dimensions like power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance?
• a) GLOBE Framework
• b) SWOT Analysis
• c) Hofstede’s Framework
• d) Maslow’s Hierarchy

c) Hofstede’s Framework

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True or False: Ingroup collectivism refers to the extent to which a society emphasizes acting as a tight-knit collective.

True

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What does “cultural tightness-looseness” refer to?
• a) The level of job flexibility
• b) The degree of clear norms and rules within a society
• c) The way employees dress at work
• d) The effectiveness of organizational communication

b) The degree of clear norms and rules within a society

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Which of the following is a strategy for implementing diversity management?
• a) Avoiding discussions about diversity
• b) Promoting positive intergroup interactions
• c) Enforcing identical treatment for all
• d) Ignoring diversity issues

b) Promoting positive intergroup interactions

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True or False: Diversity training and development should be tailored to meet the needs of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).

True

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What is the definition of an organization?

a) A randomly coordinated group of people working independently
b) A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of a group of people, that functions continuously to achieve a common goal
c) A temporary group formed for specific tasks
d) A group of individuals working without a common purpose

b) A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of a group of people, that functions continuously to achieve a common goal

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What does “Organizational Behavior” (OB) study?

a) The impact of marketing strategies on consumer behavior
b) The impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within an organization to improve effectiveness
c) The effect of legal regulations on company policies
d) The financial performance of organizations

b) The impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within an organization to improve effectiveness

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Contingency Approach in OB?

a) One-size-fits-all solutions
b) Focus on individual goals
c) Considering behavior within its context
d) Applying standardized procedures to all situations

c) Considering behavior within its context

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True or False: Empowerment means giving employees full control without any guidance or accountability.

False

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Which of the following is a key factor in the “Open Systems Approach Model”?

a) Competition
b) Legal requirements
c) Inputs, organization, and outputs
d) Employee emotions

c) Inputs, organization, and outputs

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True or False: Effectiveness refers to the degree to which an organization achieves its goals, while efficiency is about achieving ends at a low cost.

True

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Which of the following describes “Stereotyping”?

a) Understanding individual differences
b) Judging someone based on the group they belong to
c) Encouraging diversity
d) Identifying skills of an employee

: b) Judging someone based on the group they belong to

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The term “Halo Effect” refers to:

a) Judging an individual based on one positive characteristic
b) The consistent behavior pattern of an individual
c) The impact of groups on individual behavior
d) A training technique

a) Judging an individual based on one positive characteristic

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Which of the following best describes “The Dark Triad” in personality?

a) Three stages of employee motivation
b) A group of positive traits
c) A group of negative personality traits including Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy
d) A teamwork model

c) A group of negative personality traits including Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy

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True or False: Machiavellianism describes a person who is primarily concerned with power and control, often at the expense of others.

True

True or False: "Emotional Dissonance" occurs when there is consistency between the emotions an individual feels and those they display.

False

Which of the following is an example of "Intrinsic Motivation"? a) Receiving a bonus for good performance b) Feeling a sense of accomplishment after completing a challenging task c) Getting praise from a supervisor d) Earning an annual raise

b) Feeling a sense of accomplishment after completing a challenging task

True or False: "Expectancy Theory" states that individuals act based on whether they believe their effort will lead to good performance, good performance to a desired outcome, and whether that outcome is attractive.

True

What does "Equity Theory" suggest? a) Employees compare their inputs and outcomes with others and seek to eliminate any inequities b) Employees work hardest when they feel valued c) Employees prefer to work independently d) Employees are motivated by fear

a) Employees compare their inputs and outcomes with others and seek to eliminate any inequities

True or False: The "Big Five Personality Factors" include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability.

True

Question content area top Part 1 Demographic characteristics include __________. A. personality B. habits C. values D. organizational preferences E. age

E. age

Deep-level diversity focuses on differences in __________. A. values B. age C. race D. sex E. religion

A. values

Diversity is an important concept in OB because individual differences shape all of the following EXCEPT __________. A. preferences for rewards B. negotiation styles C. educational level D. communication styles E. reactions to leaders

C. educational level

Some companies do not hire veterans because ________. A. veterans' work ethic is generally lower than among the general populace B. veterans' receptivity to training is lower than most job applicants C. veterans' team outlook is lower than the general populace D. they do not showcase their transferable skills to potential employers E. veterans prefer to collect unemployment

D. they do not showcase their transferable skills to potential employers

Jennifer and Olivia are both Asian-Americans in their early 30s. Which of the following best describes their similarities? A. Morals and beliefs B. Deep-level diversity C. Values D. Surface-level diversity E. Personality traits

D. Surface-level diversity

Demographics reflect which of the following? A. Attitudes and beliefs B. Top-level diversity C. Personality and values D. Surface-level diversity E. Deep-level diversity

D. Surface-level diversity

Which of the following ethnic/racial group is expected to increase from 13 percent of the workforce in 2014 to over 25 percent in 2044? A. Blacks B. Hispanics C. Norwegians D. Asians E. Russians

B. Hispanics

Which of the following represents differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better? A. Demographics B. Deep-level diversity C. Race/ethnicity D. Surface-level diversity E. Diversity planning

B. Deep-level diversity

Stereotyping is judging someone based on _________. A. perceptions B. information from others C. repeated behavior D. differences E. facts

A. perceptions

Stereotype threat describes the way in which we agree with ___________. A. views unlike our own B. differences C. the general opinions of others D. negative views of a group E. positive perceptions of others

D. negative views of a group

Making judgments about individuals based on stereotypes regarding their demographic group is called __________. A. exclusion B. discrimination C. incivility D. harassment E. diversity

B. discrimination

Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles. This is an example of which form of discrimination? A. Sexual harassment B. Incivility C. Mockery and insults D. Exclusion E. Intimidation

D. Exclusion

Which of the following is a type of discrimination based on disrespectful treatment, including behaving in an aggressive manner, interrupting the person, or ignoring the person? A. Sexual harassment B. Incivility C. Exclusion D. Intimidation E. Mockery

B. Incivility

Threats or bullying directed at certain groups of employees is known as which of the following? A. Intimidation B. Exclusion C. Discrimination D. Mockery E. Incivility

A. Intimidation

Scott is an older individual applying for a job to work in a predominately millennial-aged workforce. His assumption that the interviewer thinks he is out of touch with current trends is an example of a(n) ___________ threat. A. personality B. discrimination C. workplace D. prejudice E. stereotype

E. stereotype

________ refers to judging someone based on one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. A. Social justification B. Stereotyping C. Social dominance D. Heuristics E. Social categorization

B. Stereotyping

The idea that group members may often accept, rationalize, legitimize, or justify their experiences with inequality, prejudice, and discrimination compared with other groups refers to ________. A. social dominance B. social categorization C. stereotyping D. system justification E. intersectionality

D. system justification

________ refers to the idea that identities interact to form different meanings and experiences. A. Spatial visualization B. Inductive reasoning C. Cultural mosaic D. Visual perception E. Intersectionality

E. Intersectionality

Which theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination are based on a complex hierarchy, with one group dominating another, and the dominating group enjoying privilege not afforded to the subordinate group? A. Social dominance B. Stereotyping C. Intersectionality D. System justification E. The cultural mosaic

A. Social dominance

Social categorization in the workplace can lead to the creation of "us" and "them" groups. How are these two groups usually described? A. As non-management and management B. As ingroups and outgroups C. As internal recruitment and external recruitment D. As un-promoted and promoted E. As male and female

B. As ingroups and outgroups

In a very masculine working environment, Adhiraja is very careful not to talk about his sexual orientation. Adhiraja has concerns about ____________ ? A. deformities B. stigma C. family life cycle D. socially unacceptable behaviors E. sexual preference

B. stigma

What is the term that describes the process where identities interact to form different meanings and experiences? A. Intermittent Identities B. Attribute Variance C. Intersectionality D. Interactivity Cycle E. Interconnectivity

C. Intersectionality

A team of four management trainees has been assigned to assess a client's financial stability. All four team members have just completed their MBAs and have about two years of prior work experience. Two of the team's members graduated near the bottom of their Ivy League schools, while the other two members were among the top ten from their respective Big Ten institutions. What best explains a division of the team into the Ivy League managers and the Big Ten managers? A. Fault lines B. Social dominance C. Intersectionality D. Stereotyping E. Social justification

A. Fault lines

Which of the following is not true of groups and teams? A. Diverse groups may be less likely to fall into conformity. B. Diverse groups may make fewer factual errors. C. Functional diversity may improve innovation. D. Functional diversity may improve team performance. E. Surface level diversity appears to decrease group conflict.

E. Surface level diversity appears to decrease group conflict.

There is a/an _______ link between actual diversity and perceived diversity. A. subliminal B. indirect C. insignificant D. modest E. overwhelming

D. modest

Diverse groups tend to ________ over time; they are more ______________ and are prone to _____________. A. formalize, conservative, political intervention B. grow, welcoming, exploitation C. assimilate, unstable, expansion D. decline, inclusive, exclude newcomers E. homogenize, fragile, fragmentation

E. homogenize, fragile, fragmentation

A group of students create a discussion and study group, but they soon realize that half the group has had no work experience and knows little about the working environment. This makes it difficult for the group to discuss organizations from a collective perspective; what has caused this? A. Fault lines B. Groupthink C. Egocentric behavior D. Differing perceptions E. Ideological differences

A. Fault lines

Which of the following dimensions of culture is part of the GLOBE framework, but not that of Hofstede? A. Uncertainty avoidance B. Long-term orientation C. Humane orientation D. Power distance E. Collectivism

Which of the following dimensions of culture is part of the GLOBE framework, but not that of Hofstede? A. Humane orientation B. Uncertainty avoidance C. Collectivism D. Power distance E. Long-term orientation

A. Humane orientation

Which of the following statements is true? A. Fault lines are generally beneficial to group performance. B. Groups with subgroups are more cohesive. C. Groups with subgroups learn more slowly. D. Subgroups don't tend to compete, and this allows core tasks to be completed efficiently. E. Groups with subgroups and fault lines tend to have higher levels of satisfaction.

C. Groups with subgroups learn more slowly.

________ in the GLOBE framework refers to the extent to which a society values producing results, excellence, and productivity. A. Power distance B. Performance orientation C. Humane orientation D. Assertiveness E. Future orientation

B. Performance orientation in the GLOBE framework refers to the extent to which a society values producing results, excellence, and productivity.

Which of the following is not true of the GLOBE framework? A. The GLOBE framework includes some dimensions that are not present in the Hofstede model. B. The future orientation dimension refers to the extent to which a society believes its actions can influence the future. C. The GLOBE framework differentiates between what is currently done and what the society aspires toward. D. Some dimensions resemble the dimensions in the Hofstede model. E. The in-group collectivism dimension refers to the extent to which a society supports collective action and resource distribution.

E. The in-group collectivism dimension refers to the extent to which a society supports collective action and resource distribution.

___________ is a national culture attribute with a tight social framework. A. Femininity B. Collectivism C. Masculinity D. Power distance E. Individualism

B. Collectivism

The degree to which people in a society prefer structured over unstructured situations defines their _____________. A. age B. power distance C. education and background D. social position E. uncertainty avoidance

E. uncertainty avoidance

Name the research program that uses data from 951 organizations in 62 countries as part of an ongoing cross-cultural investigation of leadership and national culture. A. GATT B. UN C. EU D. WTO E. GLOBE

E. GLOBEa

According to research, which of the following factors does not affect the adjustment process of expatriates? A. Compensation B. Role clarity and autonomy C. Relational skills D. Familial support E. Language ability

A. Compensation

Effective diversity programs typically contain three distinct components: teaching the legal framework for EEO and fair treatment; teaching management about valuing of diversity in their employees; and __________. A. fostering the development of employees to bring out the skills and abilities of all workers B. downplaying employee development practices C. the financial analysis of the firm D. establishing quotas to address underutilization of minorities E. deterring employees' internal motivational goals

A. fostering the development of employees to bring out the skills and abilities of all workers

Diversity programs are more likely to lead to positive adaptation for employees if the programs have which of the following characteristic? A. The program lasts a minimum of two weeks. B. The programs include and are meant for employees at all levels. C. The program includes only those segments of the organization in which minorities and women are underrepresented. D. The program reinforces stereotypes. E. The program is racially homogenous.

B. The programs include and are meant for employees at all levels.

Which of the following refers to the process and programs by which managers make everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others? A. Deductive reasoning B. Stereotyping C. Diversity management D. Expatriate adjustment E. General mental ability (GMA)

C. Diversity management

The argument in favor of affirmative action is that _______. A. minorities are not helped B. it lowers the standards for everyone C. it does not focus on merit D. it no longer creates diversity E. it ensures equality

E. it ensures equality

Factors that lead to expatriate adjustment do NOT include __________. A. language ability B. relational skills C. family support D. organizational support E. advanced education

E. advanced education

Ch2 Flashcards

(71 cards)