Ch3

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the three components of an attitude?

a) Cognitive component
b) Objective component
c) Motivational component
d) Financial component

Answer 1

a) Cognitive component

Question 2

What does “cognitive dissonance” refer to in Organizational Behavior?

a) Compatibility between behavior and attitude
b) Incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes
c) Positive reinforcement of behavior
d) A sense of loyalty to the organization

Answer 2

b) Incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes

Question 3

Which of the following is a major job attitude?

a) Social interaction
b) Organizational commitment
c) Financial goals
d) Job analysis

Answer 3

b) Organizational commitment

Question 4

What does “job involvement” mean?

a) The degree to which a person is motivated by salary
b) How much a person identifies with their job and considers performance important to self-worth
c) The level of social interaction in the workplace
d) A person’s physical involvement in a task

Answer 4

b) How much a person identifies with their job and considers performance important to self-worth

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of organizational commitment?

a) Affective commitment
b) Normative commitment
c) Continuance commitment
d) Financial commitment

Answer 5

d) Financial commitment

Question 6

True or False: Perceived Organizational Support (POS) is higher when rewards are fair, employees are involved in decision-making, and supervisors are supportive.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which of the following is an approach for measuring job satisfaction?

a) Global Positioning System (GPS)
b) Single global rating
c) Performance-based appraisal
d) Annual employee review

Answer 7

b) Single global rating

Question 8

What is one of the main causes of job satisfaction?

a) High turnover rates
b) Intrinsic nature of the work
c) Company’s annual profit
d) Employee age

Answer 8

b) Intrinsic nature of the work

Question 9

Which of the following is a likely outcome of job satisfaction?

a) Increased absenteeism
b) High turnover rates
c) Engaging in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
d) Low productivity

Answer 9

c) Engaging in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Question 10

True or False: Job satisfaction is positively correlated with life satisfaction.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Employees who have high levels of job involvement are more likely to quit their jobs.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

What is an “exit” response to job dissatisfaction?

a) Verbally complaining about the job
b) Actively seeking to improve work conditions
c) Passively waiting for things to improve
d) Leaving the organization

Answer 12

d) Leaving the organization

Question 13

Which of the following best defines “counterproductive work behavior” (CWB)?

a) Actions that improve organizational effectiveness
b) Behaviors that actively damage the organization, such as theft or aggression
c) Volunteering for additional tasks
d) Following all organizational rules strictly

Answer 13

b) Behaviors that actively damage the organization, such as theft or aggression

Question 14

True or False: High pay alone is the best predictor of job satisfaction.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Which attitude refers to the extent to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being?

a) Job Involvement
b) Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
c) Organizational Commitment
d) Job Performance

Answer 15

b) Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

Question 16

It reflects a passive response to dissatisfaction.
a) Neglect response
b) Voice response
c) Avoid response
d) Loyalty response
e) Exit response

Answer 16

a) Neglect response

Question 17

Wanda complains to Jackie that the use of scripts makes her feel like a robot. This statement represents the _______ component of Wanda’s attitude.

a) Behavioral
b) Cognitive
c) Prescriptive
d) Affective
e) Normative

Answer 17

d) Affective

Question 18

Which of the following best defines the “behavioral component” of an attitude?

a) The way we act toward someone or something
b) Our emotions or feelings about a subject
c) The beliefs or opinions we hold
d) Our unconscious thoughts

Answer 18

a) The way we act toward someone or something

Question 19

Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

a) An individual’s behavior is consistent with their beliefs
b) There is discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs and behaviors
c) A person is satisfied with their job
d) Emotions match the work environment

Answer 19

b) There is discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs and behaviors

Question 20

Perceived organizational support (POS) is:

a) The belief that coworkers are supportive
b) The degree to which employees believe their organization values them and their contributions
c) A way of measuring job satisfaction
d) A type of emotional response

Answer 20

b) The degree to which employees believe their organization values them and their contributions

Question 21

Which of the following best describes “psychological empowerment”?

a) An individual’s ability to control their emotions
b) The level of autonomy, meaning, and impact one feels in their work
c) The extent of one’s involvement in company politics
d) The ability to influence others

Answer 21

b) The level of autonomy, meaning, and impact one feels in their work

Question 22

What is the meaning of “emotional contagion”?

a) When people are immune to workplace stress
b) When emotions spread from one person to another
c) The process of concealing one’s emotions
d) Developing emotional intelligence

Answer 22

b) When emotions spread from one person to another

Question 23

True or False: A loyalty response to dissatisfaction involves actively speaking out to improve conditions.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the “exit response” to dissatisfaction?

a) Expressing suggestions to improve work conditions
b) Remaining loyal and hoping for improvement
c) Actively leaving or planning to leave the organization
d) Ignoring work-related issues

Answer 24

c) Actively leaving or planning to leave the organization

Question 25

Which of the following reflects "organizational commitment"? a) A person’s sense of pride in their job b) The employee’s loyalty and identification with the organization c) The relationship between coworkers d) The amount of overtime an employee works

Answer 25

b) The employee’s loyalty and identification with the organization

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of the "voice response" to dissatisfaction? a) Quietly waiting for improvements b) Leaving the organization c) Discussing possible changes with management d) Reducing productivity

Answer 26

c) Discussing possible changes with management

Question 27

True or False: The neglect response involves actively engaging in work to solve problems.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

When Paul received a raise at​ work, he believed the raise was less than what he should have received. This belief is an example of the​ ________ component of an attitude. A. affective B. preferential C. behavioral D. stereotype E. cognitive

Answer 28

E. Cognitive*

Question 29

Amber could not help but be angry over the amount of her raise after so many of her fellow workers received better raises than she did.​ Amber's anger represents the​ _________ component of an attitude. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. behavioral B. stereotype C. affective D. preferential E. cognitive

Answer 29

C. Affective

Question 30

The_________ component of an attitude is an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. strategic B. dynamic C. behavioral D. affective E. cognitive

Answer 30

C. Behavioral

Question 31

An employee​ didn't get a​ promotion, which he thought he​ merited, and his attitude toward his manager is one of resentment. He files a complaint. This scenario shows that​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. attitudes are formed during childhood B. employee attitudes change C. the components of an attitude are not interrelated D. the components of an attitude are interrelated E. the employee is unclear about the promotion policies

Answer 31

D. The components of an attitude are interrelated

Question 32

Cognition, affect, and behavior are​ ______. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. unrelated B. similar C. strategies D. somewhat related E. closely related

Answer 32

E. Closely related

Question 33

An evaluative statement or judgment about​ objects, people, or events is known as which of the​ following? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Attitudes B. Affect C. Cognitive dissonance D. Cognition E. Power distance

Answer 33

A. Attitudes

Question 34

Which component of an attitude describes an intention to behave a certain way toward someone or​ something? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Behavioral B. Positive C. Affect D. Cognitive E. Feeling

Answer 34

A. Behavioral

Question 35

The cognitive component of an attitude is best described by which of the​ following? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The emotional feeling that underlies the attitude. B. The intentions to behave a certain way. C. The positive part of the attitude. D. The negative part of the attitude. E. A description or belief that underlies the attitude.

Answer 35

E. A description or belief that underlies the attitude

Question 36

Joe​ wasn't awarded the promotion he felt he deserved and now has been coming in late to work over the past week. Joe is demonstrating which attribute of an​ attitude? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Psychological B. Personality C. Behavioral D. Feeling E. Cognitive

Answer 36

C. Behavioral

Question 37

Which of the following is most likely to reduce cognitive​ dissonance? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. a change in values B. a. pay raise C. telecommuting D. additional training E. team participation

Answer 37

B. Pay Raise

Question 38

An incompatibility between an attitude and a behavior is known as​ ___________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. a moderating variable B. an affect C. affective disorder D. cognitive dissonance E. a cognitive component

Answer 38

D. Cognitive dissonance

Question 39

The desire to reduce cognitive dissonance depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. the degree of influence we have over the elements B. the importance of the elements creating influence C. the rewards of dissonance D. the significance of elements creating dissonance E. setting goals

Answer 39

E. Setting goals

Question 40

The most powerful moderators of the attitudedashbehavior relationship do NOT include​ _______ Question content area bottom Part 1 A. the importance of the attitude B. its correspondence to behavior C. the presence of social pressure D. direct experience with the attitude E. the level of diversity

Answer 40

E. The level of diversity

Question 41

Research indicates that the attitudes of employees who had emotionally challenging work events improved​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. after they received additional job training B. after they had​ conflict-resolution training C. when they did not discuss their experiences with coworkers D. when they had a mentor within the organization E. after they talked about their experiences with coworkers

Answer 41

E. After they talked about their experiences with coworkers

Question 42

Which of the following is most likely to predict our​ behavior? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Attitudes that are enforced by an employer. B. Attitudes that are easily accessed by memory. C. Attitudes of our parents. D. Attitudes from when we were children. E. Attitudes we share with friends.

Answer 42

B. Attitudes that are easily accessed by memory.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is correct regarding attitudes and​ behaviors? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The less an individual talks about​ his/her attitude on a​ subject, the more likely the individual will remember it. B. You are less likely to remember attitudes you frequently express. C. One of the most powerful moderators of the​ attitudes-behavior relationship is whether a person has direct experience with the attitude. D. Discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors tend to occur when social pressures to behave in certain ways hold low power. E. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are less likely to predict our behavior.

Answer 43

C. One of the most powerful moderators of the attitude-behavior relationship is whether a person has direct experience with the attitude.

Question 44

​___________ refers to the contradictions individuals might perceive between their attitudes and their behavior. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Affective dissonance B. Cognitive reality C. Cognitive dissonance D. Cognitive differences E. Cognitive identity

Answer 44

C. Cognitive dissonance

Question 45

Which three factors appear to be most important in reducing cognitive​ dissonance? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. ​Importance, influence, rewards B. ​Influence, rewards, energy C. ​Affect, behavioral, energy D. ​Influence, behavioral, affect E. ​Behavioral, cognitive, importance

Answer 45

A. Importance, influence, rewards

Question 46

​__________ measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with their jobs and consider their perceived performance levels important to​ self-worth. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Employee engagement B. Job satisfaction C. Psychological empowerment D. Organizational commitment E. Job involvement

Answer 46

E. Job involvement

Question 47

Jaiwan is involved​ with, satisfied​ with, and shows enthusiasm for the work she does. Jaiwan has high​ __________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. organizational commitment B. cognitive dissonance C. employee engagement D. perceived organizational support E. psychological empowerment

Answer 47

C. Employee engagement

Question 48

Employee engagement has become a real concern for most organizations because recent surveys have indicated only​ ____________ percent of employees are highly engaged by their work. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. ​50-75 B. ​1-15 C. ​20-25 D. ​17-29 E. 100

Answer 48

C. 20-25

Question 49

Which of the following is the degree to which an employee identifies with his or her organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the​ organization? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Organizational commitment B. Job satisfaction C. Employee engagement D. Job involvement E. Psychological empowerment

Answer 49

A. Organizational commitment

Question 50

Major job attitudes include all of the following EXCEPT​ ________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. organizational commitment B. job involvement C. psychological empowerment D. job satisfaction E. performance appraisal systems

Answer 50

E. Performance appraisal systems

Question 51

Employees who are committed to an organization are less likely to​ ____________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. engage in work withdrawal B. pursue advancement opportunities C. raise issues D. make sacrifices E. question a performance evaluation

Answer 51

A. Engage in work withdrawal

Question 52

________ is a positive feeling about​ one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Job knowledge B. Job characteristics C. Job analysis D. Job involvement E. Job satisfaction

Answer 52

E. Job satisfaction

Question 53

​________ refers to an​ employees' belief in the degree to which they affect their work​ environment, their​ competence, the meaningfulness of their​ job, and their autonomy in their work. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Job involvement B. Psychological empowerment C. Job satisfaction D. Cognitive dissonance E. Job recognition

Answer 53

B. Psychological empowerment

Question 54

The employees at the XYZ company have a passion for their work and feel a deep connection to their company. This is an example of​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. power distance B. employee engagement C. job dissatisfaction D. psychological empowerment E. perceived organizational support

Answer 54

B. Employee engagement

Question 55

Which of the following has been shown to typically provide the lowest level of​ satisfaction? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Supervision B. Work itself C. Promotion D. Coworkers E. Pay

Answer 55

C. Promotion

Question 56

Which of the following statements about measuring job satisfaction is​ true? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems. B. The single global rating system is not very time consuming. C. The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question. D. The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction. E. The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees.

Answer 56

B. The single global rating system is not very time-consuming.

Question 57

In a survey conducted by​ Statista, which of the following parts of the world represent the least satisfied with work AND the most​ satisfied? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Americas AND​ Europe, Middle​ East, and Africa B. Asia Pacific AND Americas C. Americas AND Asia Pacific D. ​Europe, Middle​ East, and Africa AND Asia Pacific E. ​Europe, Middle​ East, and Africa AND Americas

Answer 57

D. ​Europe, Middle​ East, and Africa AND Asia Pacific

Question 58

Which job satisfaction measurement method asks the​ question: "All things​ considered, how satisfied are you with your​ job?" Question content area bottom Part 1 A. A rating average grading B. A single global rating C. A stratified personal assessment D. A simplified direct response E. A summation of job facets

Answer 58

B. A single global rating

Question 59

All of the following influence job satisfaction EXCEPT​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. job conditions B. pay C. personality D. globalization E. corporate social responsibility

Answer 59

D. Globalization

Question 60

Job conditions do NOT include​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. supervision B. social interactions C. workplace safety D. the work itself E. absenteeism

Answer 60

E. Absenteeism

Question 61

​_________ means believing in​ one's inner worth and basic competence. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Core​ self-evaluation B. Job involvement C. Organizational commitment D. Employee engagement E. Personality

Answer 61

A. Core​ self-evaluation

Question 61

An​ organization's self-regulated actions to benefit society or the environment beyond what is required by law is called​ __________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. corporate social responsibility B. job satisfaction C. job involvement D. organizational commitment E. employee engagement

Answer 61

A. Corporate social responsibility

Question 62

Organizations practice CSR in all the following ways EXCEPT​ _________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. volunteering B. conducting research C. charitable giving D. environmental sustainability initiatives E. nonprofit work

Answer 62

B. Conducting research

Question 63

Employees who believe in their inner worth and basic competence are​ _________ with their jobs than those employees with negative​ self-evaluations. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. more dissatisfied B. less satisfied C. more satisfied D. less concerned E. less engaged

Answer 63

: C. More satisfied

Question 64

Under which of the following circumstances does the correlation between job satisfaction and pay appear to become​ reduced? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. When a person has a positive core​ self-evaluation B. When a person has a high degree of perceived organizational support C. When a person reaches a level of comfortable living D. When a person has high organizational commitment E. When a person is engaged with his or her job

Answer 64

C. When a person reaches a level of comfortable living

Question 65

Core​ self-evaluations are best described as which of the​ following? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Assessments people make about their job satisfaction. B. ​Self-assessments employees make about their promotion opportunities. C. Behaviors people adopt to fit in with others. D. Judgments people make about the behavior of others. E. Conclusions people make about their own capabilities and worth as people.

Answer 65

E. Conclusions people make about their own capabilities and worth as people.

Question 66

Which of the following best describes an​ organization's commitment to its​ self-regulated actions to benefit society or the environment beyond what is required by​ law? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Cognitive identity B. Corporate social responsibility C. Organizational commitment D. Cognitive dissonance E. Psychological empowerment

Answer 66

B. Corporate social responsibility

Question 67

Individuals with​ _____________________ personality traits are more satisfied with their work. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. extraversion and conscientiousness B. agreeableness and emotional stability C. agreeableness and introversion D. conscientiousness and introversion E. introversion and conscientiousness

Answer 67

A. Extraversion and conscientiousness

Question 68

Job satisfaction is moderately correlated with​ ___________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. organizational citizenship behavior B. customer service skills C. economic level D. cultural identity E. cognitive dissonance

Answer 68

A. Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 69

Which outcome of job satisfaction involves people talking positively about their​ organizations, helping​ others, and going beyond the normal expectations of the​ job? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Organizational citizenship behavior B. Job performance C. Life satisfaction D. Psychological empowerment E. Task performance

Answer 69

A. Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 69

|Which outcome of job satisfaction was proven in a review of 300 studies to be directly connected to more effective​ employees? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Customer satisfaction B. Life satisfaction C. Job performance D. Organizational citizenship behavior E. Workplace citizenship behavior

Answer 69

C. Job performance

Question 70

Which outcome of job satisfaction involves positive customer​ outcomes? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Customer satisfaction B. Organizational citizenship behavior C. Workplace citizenship behavior D. Task performance E. Life satisfaction

Answer 70

A. Customer satisfaction

Question 71

Which outcome of job satisfaction involves an​ employee's attitudes and experiences in​ life? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Organizational citizenship behavior B. Workplace satisfaction C. Life satisfaction D. Job performance E. Customer satisfaction

Answer 71

C. Life satisfaction

Question 72

Which of the following responses to dissatisfaction in a job involves actively trying to improve the​ situation? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Voice B. Neglect C. Loyalty D. Passivity E. Exit

Answer 72

A. Voice

Question 73

What is the relationship between job satisfaction and job​ performance? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. There does not appear to be a relationship between job satisfaction and job performance B. Moderately negative correlation C. Strong positive correlation D. Negative correlation E. Slightly positive correlation

Answer 73

C. Strong positive correlation

Question 74

Which of the following responses to dissatisfaction is expressed by passively waiting for conditions to​ improve? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Passivity B. Exit C. Neglect D. Voice E. Loyalty

Answer 74

E. Loyalty

Question 75

________ refers to actions that actively damage the​ organization, including​ stealing, behaving aggressively toward​ coworkers, or being late or absent. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Organizational commitment B. Customer satisfaction C. Corporate social responsibility​ (CSR) D. Life satisfaction E. Counterproductive work behavior​ (CWB)

Answer 75

E. Counterproductive work behavior​ (CWB)

Question 76

A pattern of lowered job satisfaction is the best predictor of​ ___________. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. stress B. increased productivity C. aggressiveness D. turnover E. tardiness

Answer 76

D. Turnover

Question 77

Which of the following responses to workplace dissatisfaction ends up in a person passively allowing conditions to​ worsen? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Loyalty B. Passivity C. Voice D. Neglect E. Exit

Answer 77

r: D. Neglect

Question 78

Which of the following responses to dissatisfaction can be categorized as generally​ negative? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Voice and loyalty B. Exit and loyalty C. Voice and exit D. Voice and neglect E. Exit and neglect

Answer 78

E. Exit and neglect

Question 79

An employee demonstrating deviant behavior in the workplace or an individual demonstrating employee withdrawal would be displaying signs of which of the​ following? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. ​Satisfaction-turnover behavior B. Organizational citizenship behavior C. Counterproductive work behavior D. Workplace deviance behavior E. Overprotective work behavior

Answer 79

C. Counterproductive work behavior