Ch3

Question 1

Difference between prokaryote and Eukaryote

Answer 1

DNA is packaged differently
Cell walls re different
internal structures

Question 2

All bacteria cells have

Answer 2

cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosome
cytoskeleton
chromosome

Question 3

most bacteria cell poses

Answer 3

cell wall
surface coating called glycocalyx

Question 4

some but not all prokaryote poses

Answer 4

flagella, pili, fimbriae, outer membrane, plasmids, inclusions, endospores, intracellular membrane

Question 5

Answer 5

Cell membrane- thin sheet of lipid, control flow of materials
chromosome/nucleoid- DNA molecules
ribosome - tiny protein particles
Actin - long fibers inside cell membrane, structure and shape of cell
cytoplasm- water-based solution filing entire cell

Question 6

name the three structure

Answer 6

Fimbriae- fine hair like bristle
Outer membrane- extra membrane
Cell wall - semirigid casing for structural support and shape

Question 7

Answer 7

Pilus - how tube transfer DNA
Capsule - coating layer, protects, adhesive, and receptor functions
Granule - stores fat, phosphate, or glycogen
Plasmid- double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes
Flagella - attached to cell body, long rotating filament

Question 8

Pleomorphism

Answer 8

cells of one species may vary in shape and size/shapeshifter

Question 9

Lophotrichous

Answer 9

bunches of falgella

Question 9

Monotrichus

Answer 9

Single flagellum

Question 10

Amphitrichous

Answer 10

flagella at both poles of the cell

Question 11

Peritrichouse

Answer 11

flagella all around the cell

Question 12

Chemotaxis

Answer 12

bacteria moves in response to chemical signal

Question 13

Bacteria “runs”

Answer 13

smooth linear movement

Question 14

Bacteria “tumbles”

Answer 14

Flagella rotates

Question 15

Endoflagella

Answer 15

lies between the peptidoglycan ad outer membrane

Question 16

Fimbriae

Answer 16

used for attachment

Question 17

Pili

Answer 17

attachment and conjugation (DNA exchange)

Question 18

Glycocalyx

Answer 18

composed of polysaccharides, proteins or both
used to avoid phagocytosis and adhesion

Question 19

Capsule

Answer 19

denser/thicker than slime
stain negative
produce mucoid
greater pathogenicity

Question 20

cell envelope

Answer 20

lies outside cytoplasm
composed of : Cell wall, membrane, and outer membrane

Question 21

Bacteria cell wall

Answer 21

determine the shape
protect against osmotic pressure
rigidity from peptidoglycan

Question 22

Peptidoglycan

Answer 22

repeating framework of long glycan(sugar) chains cross-linked by short peptide(protein) fragments

Question 23

Gram positive cell

Answer 23

Thick peptidoglycan
teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid

Question 24

Answer 24

Monotrichous

Question 25

Answer 25

Amphitrichous

Question 26

Answer 26

Lophotrichous

Question 27

Answer 27

teichoic acid lipoteichoic acid peptidoglycan cell membrane membrane protein

Question 28

Answer 28

Peritrichous

Question 29

Answer 29

Periplasmic space cell membrane peptidoglycan outer membrane lipoproteins porin protein lipopolysaccharide phospholipids

Question 30

Gram negative cell

Answer 30

thin peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharide (lipid A = shock/fever) two membranes porins

Question 31

Bacterial DNA is located

Answer 31

in nucleoid

Question 32

Acid fast stain used to ID?

Answer 32

Tuberculosis Leprosy

Question 33

cytoplasm

Answer 33

70-80% water contains the DNA in nucleoid

Question 33

prokaryote cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 33

lipid bilayer with proteins site for reactions containing enzymes/ATP regulate nutrients in/out of cell

Question 34

Bacterial chromosome shape

Answer 34

single circle

Question 34

plasmid

Answer 34

nonessential pieces of DNA

Question 35

Prokaryotic ribosome

Answer 35

two subunits 30S/50S total size 70S 60% rRNA/ 40% protein translate mRNA into proteins

Question 36

Bacterial endospores

Answer 36

dormant body metabolically active meant for survival

Question 37

Sporulation Cycle

Answer 37

1. vegetative cell depleted of nutrients 2. chromosome is duplicated and separated 3. cell septate into sporangium n fore spore 4. sporangium engulfs forespore for development 5. sporangium actively synthesize spore layers around forespore 6. cortex and outer coat layers are deposited 7. mature endospore 8. frees pore released with loss of sporangium 9. germination: spore swells and release vegetative cell

Question 38

Archaea

Answer 38

Found in extreme environments DNA is circular ribosome 70S but structured like 80S