Ch3 Cell structure

Question 1

Eukaryotic

Answer 1

1. animal or plant cell
2. has membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

1. bacteria
2. no membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Bacteria cell structure

Answer 3

1. murein cell wall
2. 70s ribosomes
3. capsule
4. flagellum
5. plasmids
6. circular DNA
7. cytoplasm

Question 4

Animal cell structure

Answer 4

1. cell membrane
2. 80s ribosomes
3. mitochondria
4. nucleus
5. endoplasmic reticulum
6. golgi body
7. lysosomes
8. cytoplasm
9. DNA

Question 5

3 nucleus functions

Answer 5

1. carries the genetic code
2. makes mRNA through transcription and so control protein synthesis
3. manufactures ribosomes and ribosomal RNA

Question 6

Nuclear envelope

Answer 6

1. double membrane
2. continuous with ER
3. controls entry and exit of materials
4. contains ribosomes

Question 7

Nuclear pores

Answer 7

allows entry and exit of large molecules

Question 8

Nucleoplasm

Answer 8

1. granular jelly-like material
2. contains DNA

Question 9

Nucleolus

Answer 9

1. manufactures ribosomal RNA
2. assembles ribosomes

Question 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

1. has ribosomes
2. large SA for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
3. provides pathway for materials throughout cells

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

1. no ribosomes present
2. synthesis, store and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 12

Mitochondria function

Answer 12

1. site of aerobic respiration
2. production of ATP from glucose

Question 13

Cristae

Answer 13

1. folded inner membrane
2. provide large SA for attachment of enzymes and proteins for respiration

Question 14

Matrix

Answer 14

contains for respiration
1. proteins
2. lipids
3. DNA
4. enzymes
5. ribosomes

Question 15

Golgi body function

Answer 15

1. modifies and packages proteins(glycoproteins)
2. packages into vesicles for transport
3. forms lysosomes
4. produce secretory enzymes
5. transport, modify and store lipids
6. secrete carbohydrates

Question 16

Ribosomes function

Answer 16

1. found on rough ER
2. site of protein synthesis
3. contain ribosomal RNA

Question 17

70s ribosomes

Answer 17

1. bacteria cell
2. mitochondria
3. chloroplast

Question 18

Virus structure

Answer 18

1. nucleic acids
2. capsid(protein coat)
3. lipid envelope
4. attachment proteins
5. acellular

Question 19

Plant cell wall

Answer 19

1. microfibrils of cellulose
2. middle lamella joins adjacent cells

Question 20

Functions of cell wall

Answer 20

1. prevent cell bursting under osmotic pressure
2. provide mechanical strength
3. allow water to pass along it

Question 21

Algae cell wall

Answer 21

1. cellulose
2. glycoproteins

Question 22

Fungi cell wall

Answer 22

1. Chitin (N-containing polysaccharide)
2. glycan
   3.glycoproteins

Question 23

Bacteria cell wall

Answer 23

1. peptidoglycan
2. murein

Question 24

Vacuole function

Answer 24

1. makes cell turgid to support plant
2. stores sugars and amino acid for food storage
3. coloured pigments attract pollinating insects

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

1. isolate dangerous enzymes from cell 2. digest worn out organelles so chemicals are recycled 3. break down cells after they died(apoptosis) 4. hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytes 5. isolate dangerous enzymes and secrete into vesicle or outside cell

Question 26

Lysosome structure

Answer 26

1. vesicles 2. contain lysozymes, protease or lipase

Question 27

Plasmids

Answer 27

1. produces enzymes to break down antibiotics 2. vectors in genetic engineering 3. reproduce independently

Question 28

Organelles bacteria don’t have

Answer 28

1. nucleus 2. mitochondria 3. golgi body 4. chloroplast