Ch5 Treatments Flashcards
1
Q
Active immunity
A
- involves memory cells
- produce antibodies via plasma cells
- long-term
- can take time to work
2
Q
Passive immunity
A
- involves anitbody introduced from outside
- short term- antibody is broken down
- fast acting
3
Q
Vaccination
A
- vaccine contains dead/inactive antigen from pathogen
- phagocyte presents antigen on its surface after phagocytosis
- T memory cell with complementary receptor protein binds to antigen
- T cell stimulates B cell with complementary antibody on csm
- B cell secretes large amount of antibody
- B cell divides to form clone all producing same antibody
4
Q
Successful vaccination programme
A
- no major side effects
- low cost
- easily produced and transported
- herd immunity
5
Q
Disadvantages of vaccine programme
A
- too many strains of pathogen
- pathogen mutates and antibody no longer complementary
- fails to induce immunity
- people may develop disease immediately after vaccination
6
Q
Herd immunity
A
- large proportion of population is vaccinated
- most people are immune
- decreases chance of non-vaccinated person to meet infected
- pathogen dies out
7
Q
ELISA test
A
- place antigen complementary to antibodies on test plate
- antibodies present in sample bind
- wash surface to remove excess
- add second complementary antibody with enzyme attached
- add colourless complementary substrate that changes colour when E-S complex forms
- amount of antigen proportional to colour intensity
8
Q
antibiotic
A
- inhibit enzymes for synthesis of bacterial cell walls(peptide cross-linkages)
- walls unable to withstand pressure of osmosis
- cell bursts
9
Q
antibiotic ineffectiveness against virus
A
- virus lives inside body cells so can’t reach
- virus protein coat
- virus don’t have metabolic pathways
10
Q
HIV causes AIDs
A
- kills T helper cells
- cant stimulate B cells to produce plasma cells
- immune response is non-functional
- susceptible to all pathogens
11
Q
Monoclonal antibody
A
- antibody produced by B cell
- isolated and cloned
