CH3 INCLUSION AND IDENTITY

Question 1

There are three (3) essential processes that combine to transform the lone individual into
a group member:

Answer 1

1. inclusion
2. identity
3. collectivism

Question 2

a process in which the single individual
changes from an outsider to an
insider by joining a group

Answer 2

inclusion

Question 3

a process where group members
begin to think about the good of the
group rather than personal gains

Answer 3

collectivism

Question 4

a process where individuals change their
conception of who they are to
include their group’s qualities as well
as their own individual qualities

Answer 4

identity

Question 5

degree of
functional interconnectedness of a
group of people thought to promote
coordinated action for mutual
benefit.

Answer 5

social capital

Question 6

deliberately excluding
a person or group of people from a
group by ignoring, shunning, or
explicitly banishing them

Answer 6

ostracism

Question 7

2 reactions by Kipling Williams when someone is ostracized

Answer 7

1. fight-or-flight response
2. tend-and-befriend response

Question 8

a response where
- Fighting back against the
exclusion or escaping the
situation
-
Those who fight become
hostile and aggressive when
rejected.
-
Others accept their rejection
passively and withdraw from
the group.

Answer 8

fight-or-flight response

Question 9

a response where
- Nurture, protect, and support others

• Take steps to strengthen
  their interpersonal relations

Answer 9

tend-and-befriend response

Question 10

indicator of
acceptance into groups rather than
an index of one’s sense of personal
value
according to the socio-meter theory by mark leary

Answer 10

self-esteem

Question 11

2 types of social relations

Answer 11

1. exchange relationships (for individualists)
2. communal relationships (for collectivists)

Question 12

a type of social relation where interpersonal association
between individuals based
on each person’s desire to
increase the rewards they
receive from others in the
relationship

Answer 12

exchange relationship

Question 13

a type of social relation concerned with what their
group receives than own
personal outcomes

Answer 13

communal relationships

Question 14

enjoins
members to pay back in kind what
others give to them.

Answer 14

norm of reciprocity

Question 15

2 types of reciprocity norm

Answer 15

1. equity norm
2. equality norm

Question 16

group members
should receive outcomes in
proportion to their inputs.

Answer 16

equity norm

Question 17

all group
members, irrespective of their
inputs, should be given an equal
share of the payoff

Answer 17

equality norm

Question 18

An agreement that obligates the
individual to support the “general
will” of society as an “indivisible part
of the whole”

Answer 18

social contract

Question 19

strive
to extract all the resources they can
while minimizing their contribution of
personal resources.

Answer 19

self-serving (ego-centric)

Question 20

strive to increase the wellbeing of
the community as a whole.

Answer 20

group-serving (sociocentric)

Question 21

• ## “me” component of the self-concept
• Unique, individualistic
  qualities—traits, beliefs, skills, etc

Answer 21

personal identity

Question 22

• ## “we” component of the self-conceptQualities that spring from
  membership in a vast array of social
  groups

Answer 22

social identity (collective identity)

Question 23

2 components of the group-level self

Answer 23

1. relational self
2. collective self

Question 24

• Ties to other people
• Ex. Father, husband,
  employee, community leader

Answer 24

relational self

Question 25

- Membership in larger groups and categories - Ex. Christian, man, Filipino, resident of CDO

Answer 25

collective self

Question 26

- Emotionally detached from their groups - Own personal goals above the goals of the group - Value equality, social justice, and self-reliance.

Answer 26

independents (idiocentrics)

Question 27

- Put groups’ goals and needs above their own. - Respectful of other members - Value their membership in groups, friendships, and traditions.

Answer 27

interdependents (allocentrics)

Question 28

Most people probably have at least three (3) fundamental needs according to marilyn brewer's optimal distinctiveness theory

Answer 28

1. Need to be Assimilated by the Group 2. Need to be Connected to Friends and Loved Ones 3. Need for Autonomy and Differentiation

Question 29

what are variations in collectivism

Answer 29

1. cultural differences 2. regional and ethnic differences

Question 30

Attempt to understand the causes of conflict between groups

Answer 30

social identity theory

Question 31

two cognitive processes according to social identity theory

Answer 31

1. categorization 2. identification

Question 32

a cognitive process in social identity theory that combine to transform a group membership into an identity

Answer 32

identification

Question 33

people quickly and automatically classify other people into social categories

Answer 33

social categorization

Question 34

socially shared set of cognitive generalizations (e.g., beliefs, expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the typical member of a particular group or social category.

Answer 34

prototypes/stereotypes

Question 35

accepting socially shared generalizations about the prototypical characteristics attributed to members of one’s group as accurate descriptions of oneself.

Answer 35

self-stereotyping

Question 36

accepting the group as an extension of the self, and therefore basing one’s self-definition on the group’s qualities and characteristics.

Answer 36

social identification

Question 37

one of the most important situational triggers of a collective self-representation.

Answer 37

Presence of members of the outgroup

Question 38

a person’s overall assessment of that portion of their self-concept that is based on their relationships with others and membership in social groups

Answer 38

collective self-esteem

Question 39

types of collective self-esteem

Answer 39

1. Membership Esteem 2. Private Collective Self-Esteem 3. Public Collective Self-Esteem 4. Identity

Question 40

The tendency to look more favorably on the ingroup; often intensifies conflicts between groups.

Answer 40

ingroup-outgroup bias

Question 41

anxiety-provoking belief that others’ perceptions and evaluations will be influenced by their negative stereotypes about one’s group which can, in some cases, interfere with one’s ability to perform up to one’s capabilities.

Answer 41

stereotype threat

Question 42

technical term for such a change in allegiance (e.g., resigning, dropping out, quitting, breaking up, resigning, escaping, bailing, and ditching)

Answer 42

individual mobility