ch.37 Flashcards
absorption
process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite for food
anthropometric
measurements of the body and body parts
aspiration
misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract
-accidental breathing of food into the lungs
basal metabolism
amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest
body mass index
ratio of height to weight
18.5-24.9
digestion
gastrointestinal system’s breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing or inability to swallow
enteral nutrition
alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate f
gastric residual volume
feeding remaining in the stomach
gastrostomy
opening created into the stomach
nasogastric tube
tube inserted through the nose and into the stoma
nasointestinal tube
tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine
parenteral nutrition
nourishment provided via IV therapy
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
surgically (open or laparoscopically) placed gastrostomy tube
nutrients
specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity
energy balance
energy is derived or obtained from foods consumed
basal metabolic rate
the energy required to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest after 12 hours
What factors increase BMR?
growth, infection, elevated hormone levels
What factors decrease eBMR?
aging, prolonged fasting, sleep
BMI
ratio of weight in kg to height in meters squared, provides estimates of body fat
carbohydrates
supply energy, simple or complex sugars
protein
required for the formation of all body structures
22 amino acids
complete proteins
contain sufficient essential amino acids
