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ch5 struct Flashcards

a lot of __ energy **TAKEN IN**

1
Q

3 types of bonding

A

Covalent, Metallic, Ionic

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2
Q

Match these respective bonding to the structure

  1. G I L S
  2. G M S
  3. G M L S
  4. SMS
  5. M
A

Giant Ionic Lattice Structure - Ionic Bonding
Giant Molecular Structure - Covalent Bonding
Giant Metallic Lattice Structure - Metallic Bonding
Simple Molecular Structure - Covalent Bonding
Macromolecule - Covalent Bonding

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3
Q

Diamond Structure vs Silicon Dioxide Structure (1 similarity, 1 difference)

A

SIMILARITY: Diamond and Silicon Dioxide Structure:
Tetrahedral, arrangement

DIFFERENCE:
Diamond: Carbon, atoms, bonded, four, other, carbon, atoms

Silicon Dioxide:
Oxygen, atom, bonded, two, silicon, atoms

Silicon, atom, bonded, four, oxygen, atoms

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4
Q

Diamond Industrial Uses

A
  1. Used as drill bits
  2. Cutting tools for glass

**Not accepted: Used as jewelry

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5
Q

Is pencil lead made out of Lead (Pb) or Graphite?

A

Graphite

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6
Q

Is silicon dioxide (Sand) M________ or GMS?

A

Giant Molecular Structure (tetrahedral arrangement)

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7
Q

2 types of forces

A
  • Weak intermolecular Forces of attraction
  • strong electrostatic forces of attraction
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8
Q

Is Pencil Lead M or GMS? What is its arrangment?

A

Graphite: Giant Molecular Structure

Structure: Within, each, layer, carbon atoms, arranged, form, hexagonal, rings

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9
Q

Desc Graphite forces and bonding

A

Forces: Weak, intermolecular, forces, of attraction, exist, between, hexagonal, flat, layers of atoms.

Bonding: strong, covalent, bonds, exist, between, atoms

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10
Q

cube

Giant Ionic Lattice Structure forces and bonds and structure

A
  1. Each, ion, surrounded, 6, other, ions
  2. Strong, ionic, bonds
  3. Cations, anions, held together, strong electrostatic forces

** A cube has 6 faces. Thus, each atom is surrounded by 6 other atoms

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11
Q

Ionic bonds are formed by?

A

Metal, nonmetal, transferring, electrons

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12
Q

Derive

Giant Ionic Lattice Structure - Physical Properties

A
  1. Ionic compounds, typically dissolve -> water,
  2. does not dissolve, organic solvent
  3. hard, brittle
  4. high melting point boiling point
  5. conducts electricity+heat, molten, aqueous state

GILLS of fish like water hate other solvents

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13
Q

Giant Molecular Structure physical properties

A
  1. High melting, boiling, points
  2. Doesn’t, conduct, electricity
  3. insoluble, organic solvent, insoluble, water
  4. Very hard

GMS, GMLS hates everything, does not dissolve in anything

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14
Q

Giant Metallic Lattice Structure physical properties

A
  1. High Boiling, melting, points (w/ exception, Grp 1)
  2. Good, conductor, electricity
  3. Malleable, ductile, soft
  4. Not soluble in water or organic solvent
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15
Q

Simple Molecular Structure physical properties

A
  1. Low melting, boiling, points
  2. Dosen’t, conduct, electricity
  3. Dissolves, organic solvent, but not in water
  4. Soft

GILS -> sol. water
SMS -> sol. organic solvent
GMS, GIMS -> all insol.

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16
Q

DID YOU KNOW:
Pure H2o VS Graphite conductivity

A

Pure H2o has little electrical conductivity (no mobile electrons)

Graphite has high electrical conductivity (has mobile electrons)

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17
Q

Chemical Formulaes of:

Methane
Buthane
Ethanol

A

Methane: Ch4
Buthane: C4H10
Ethanol: C2H5OH

Meth: 1c
Etha: 2c
Pro: 3c
Buth: 4c
Nol: OH

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18
Q

What are allotropes?

A

Different forms, arrangments, atoms, same element

Etc allotropes of carbon
diamond and graphite

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19
Q

Molecular formula
of a isotope of an element

A

Relative Molecular Mass (Given Mr in question)/Mr according to periodic table

20
Q

Air Mr

21
Q

Why does something not conduct electricity?

A

No, mobile, electrons, electrons are used, in ____ bonding

22
Q

Hydroxide
Carbonate
Ammonium
Sulfate
Nitrate
Phosphate

A

Anions
Hydroxide - OH-
Carbonate - Co3 2-
Sulfate - So4 2-
Nitrate - No3 -
Phosphate - Po4 3-

Cations
Nh4 +

23
Q

Derive from the h_____ , f____ layers and m_____ e_____

Graphite properties

A
  1. High, melting, boiling, point
  2. Hexagonal, flat, layers, slide, over, easily, when, force, applied, soft, slippery
  3. High, electrical, conductivity
  4. Not soluble in organic solvent, not soluble in water

Pencil lead hates water and alcohol. Just like Diamond, and GIMS!

Unlike:
GILS - Likes water, hates alcohol
SMS - Hates alcohol, likes water

Flat and hexagonal

24
Q

Diamond properties

A
  1. High, melting, boiling, point
  2. Tetrahedral, arrangement, strong, covalent, bonds, very, hard
  3. Doesn’t, conduct electricity
  4. Doesn’t, dissolve, water, alcohol

GMLS, Lead, Diamond: hates water and alcohol

GILS: Likes water, hates alcohol
SMS: Hates water, likes alcohol

25
Arrangment vs Structure
Arrangment: Hexagonal, flat, layers, Tetrahedral Arrangment Structure: GMS, GILS, GMLS, SMS, macromolecular
26
Conductivity of Metal format
Not all electrons are used in ____ bonding , Sea of mobile electrons, act as charge carriers
27
Why are ionic bonds strong?
Electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions are very strong
28
Emperical Formulae
formula -> proportions, elements present, not actual no., arrangment atoms
29
When you melt or boil SMS and GMS, is it required to break strong covalent bonds?
GMS: Required to break strong covalent bonds SMS: Only required to overcome weak intermolecular forces **of attraction**
30
Valence vs Valency
Valence - Outer Shell Valency - The number of electrons used to form chemical bonds
31
Number of electrons used in graphite bonding graphite 1 carbon bond to __ carbon
3 electrons used, 1 free electron 1 carbon bond to 3 other carbon
32
how are metal atoms held tgt in GMLS? Why are the bonds strong?
- metal atoms held tgt **strongly** by metallic bonds - metallic bonds **strong** -> strong electrostatic forces between **positively charged ions**, mobile electrons ## Footnote giant metallic lattice structure
33
what effect does metallic lattice have on electrons in GMLS?
giant metallic lattice structure - atoms lose valence electrons - mobile electrons
34
how do electrons move in GMLS?
giant metallic lattice structure - mobile electrons move freely in sea of electrons
35
why are metals malleable and ductile?
- layers, positive ions, slide over each other, **take up different positions** -> flexible - metallic bonds, not broken -> strong ## Footnote **recall** Malleable -> hammered into diff. shapes w/o breaking Ductile -> drawn into wires w/o breaking
36
difference betwen why metal, ionic, can conduct electricity
**Giant Ionic Lattice Structure** -> molten/aq state -> mobile **ions**, carry charge **Giant Metallic Lattice Structure** -> mobile **electrons**, act as charge carriers
37
physical properties of macromolecules
- no fixed mp bp when formed molecules diff. sizes ## Footnote **REST SAME AS SMS** **DOES NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY**
38
why metals have high melting, boiling pts
- strong electrostatic forces requires large amt. of energy, **overcome** ## Footnote **RECALL** giant metallic lattice structure - metallic bonds strong ->** strong electrostatic forces** between positively charged ions, mobile electron
39
define alloy
mixture of metal w/ one/more other elements
40
physical properties of alloy as compared to pure metals
**an alloy is...** - stronger, harder - more resistance to corrosion
41
why are alloys stronger than pure metals?
- **pure metal** atoms, same size, arrange orderly manner, slide over each other easily - atoms from other elements, diff. size, disrupt orderly arrangement, cannot slide over each other easily
42
how to draw metallic lattice
**TAKE NOTE!!** - charges of e- must balance charges of ions - electrons must be disorderly drawn
43
4 example of alloys + what they contain
1. brass (Cu, Zn) 2. bronze (Cu, Sn) 3. steel (Fe, C) 4. Stainless steel (Fe, C, Ni/Cr) -> **slower rusting**
44
macromolecular struct
1. covalent substances, i.e. polymers 2. insoluble in water, soluble, organic solvent 3. no fixed mp, bp when formed, molecules, diff sizes 4. **some polymers i.e. polyethene low mp, bp** -> weak intermolecular forces of attraction, molecules 5. do not conduct electricity
45
what are metallic bonds
strong electrostatic force, attraction btwn sea of mobile e-, positive ions
46
why metal high mp, bp
1. strong electrostatic force, attraction btwn sea of mobile e-, positive ion 2. form, giant metallic lattice struct, 3. struct requires large amt energy, overcome

Chem (18 decks)

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