ch6.

Question 1

what coalition was germany run by in 1929

Answer 1

Müller’s grand coalitions

Question 2

what did german exports fall by in 1928?

Answer 2

55 % - slump in trade - demand for exports fell

Question 3

what were 2 fundamental weaknesses in the german economy before wall Street Crash?

Answer 3

• balance of trade in red (debt)

- 1.9 million unemployed

Question 4

although wall street crash contributed to germnay’s problems what is thesis?

Answer 4

it was the occasion not the cause - crisis = final push that brought the economy down

Question 5

when did unemployment peak and at what

Answer 5

jan 1932 at 6.1 million

Question 6

how did economic crisis quickly degenerate into a political crisis

Answer 6

• middle classes in law + medicine lost pride + money as no demand for services
• society breaking down uncontrollably - lose faith in Weimar + turn to salvation in solutions by extremists

Question 7

in Germany 1932 industrial production fell to what fo 1929 level

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

similar in USA - industrial production fallen by?

Answer 8

46%

Question 9

why did USA not fall like Germany

Answer 9

-USA - well-established democracy - suggests that the depression hastened the end of the republic only because the democratic basis of government not well established

Question 10

why did reparations cause issues in germany ?

Answer 10

very time when unity+ firm gov required - republic torn apart by re-emergence emotive issue reparations

Question 11

who was alfred hugenburg?

Answer 11

leader nationalists + own 150 newspapers + greatest media tycoon

Question 12

who did Hugenburg generate support against young plan from ?

Answer 12

-pan german league hitler etc

Question 13

what did the national opposition (hugenbrug’s supporters) put to a referendum?

Answer 13

law against enslavement of german ppl - (denounced payment reparations) - not passed 5.8million / 21 million votes needed

Question 14

what benefits did hugenburg’s campaign offer hitler?

Answer 14

• party membership 130,000 by 1929

- hitler made influential contacts on right wing + access to media empire

Question 15

short term cause of muller collapse

Answer 15

• INTERNAL DIVISIONS on welfare

- SPD support trade unions + welfare BUT DVP (w/ big business) reduce benefits –> resigned

Question 16

who was put into office after muller

Answer 16

bruning

Question 17

(2) one of reasons why brunings ascension marks a crucial step to end of new gov

Answer 17

-maneuvered into power by political intriguers surrounding president Hindenburg including Von Sleicher

Question 18

(2) anotehr eason why bruning in power = no democracy

Answer 18

attempted to balance the budget but rejected by 256 votes BUT used A48 to put policy in place + dissolved reichstag to not be challenged

Question 19

1930 election who saw breakthrough and why?

Answer 19

nazi 810,000 –> 6 million (propoganda directed at rural + middle classes. - saw society breakdown

Question 20

what did 1930 elections show?

Answer 20

extreme parties made extreme gains against pro-democracy

Question 21

How is Brunings role as semi-dictator shown through presidential decree from 1930-32?

Answer 21

5 to 44 A48 laws passed

Question 22

what should bruning be considered?

Answer 22

ultra conservative monarchist = no sympathy for republic

Question 23

what was brunings two main economic measures

Answer 23

• cut spending

- raise taxes

Question 24

what did brunings economic policies lead to ?

Answer 24

-worsened slump - low demand

‘Hunger Chancellor’ - decline welfare state

Question 25

figure to show failure of burnings economic policies in depression

Answer 25

5 leading german banks failed July 1931

Question 26

argument against Bruning’s failure in economic policy

Answer 26

no other alternative - in depression + fundamental weakness form 1920s

Question 27

spring 1932 elections - burnings votes compared to hitler

Answer 27

• 53% - hindenburg
• 36% hitler
• hindenburg only chosen as no all to hitler or KPD

Question 28

what did Hindenburg force bruning to do in 1932 may

Answer 28

resign

Question 29

what did the collapse of major bank DANAT lead to

Answer 29

unemployment 5 million (fear of financial crisis) - rebirth national opposition in Harzburg front - rally against burning 1931

Question 30

what was the fundamental reason for burnings fall from grace w/ hindenburg

Answer 30

• emergency decree- turn Junker estates in 600,000 allotments )east Prussia)
• threatened landowners -
• agrarian bolshevism -

Question 31

agrarian bolshevism - led to what

Answer 31

-Von Sleicher’s right wing intriguers convince Hindenburg to to force burning out

Question 32

2 positive points for burning

Answer 32

• succeeded in ending reparation

- sympathised w/ reduction democratic powers in reichstag

Question 33

2 points against bruning

Answer 33

• failed germany in economic crisis

- didn’t realise insecurity in position w/ hindenburg

Question 34

how did Bruning lead to Nazi rise

Answer 34

• brunings continual upholding of law - abuse of A48 + undermining democracy paved way for Nazis to assume power
• ppl looked to nazis for support in economic chaos

Question 35

who was von papen?

Answer 35

politically inept/inexperienced aristocrat nationalist views

Question 36

what did von Papen form as chancellor?

Question 37

how did papen get to power why?

Answer 37

schleicher recommended him - lack of ability = actions influenced

Question 38

2 concessions hitler demanded to not oppose new gov?

Answer 38

• dissolution reichstag

- end gov ban on SA+SS

Question 39

why was the July 1932 reichstag election so significant?

Answer 39

• street violence + bloodshed - 86 ppl dead

- Papen used excuse to abolish Prussia gov (most powerful regional state gov) + put himself in charge July 1932

Question 40

2 reasons why Papen in charge of Prussia significant?

Answer 40

• -arbitary + unconstituional

- replaced parliament w/ authoritarian preseident

Question 41

key fact - nazis in 1932 votes

Answer 41

37% NSDAP largest party

Question 42

key fact - ppl voting democratic

Answer 42

only 39.5% 1932

PPL VOTE TO REJECT DEMOCRACY

Question 43

kpd 1933 votes

Answer 43

-KPD gain 4.8 million votes – barred from Reichstag 1933(not party banned)