Ch.6 Bones

Question 1

Axial Bones

Answer 1

Skull, ribs, vertebral column, protect organs

Question 2

Appendicular Bones

Answer 2

limbs pelvis and everything else, move us

Question 3

Long bones

Answer 3

Femur, metacarpals

Question 4

Short bones

Answer 4

talus, and scaphoid

Question 5

Flat bones

Answer 5

flat, like the scapula and sternum

Question 6

Irregular bones

Answer 6

Pelvis, vertebrae

Question 7

compact bone

Answer 7

tough outer layer of the bone

Question 8

Spongy bone

Answer 8

found in the epiphysis end, made of trabeculae and has bone marrow

Question 9

Trabeculae

Answer 9

aka cancellous bone helps reduce stress on bone,

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

Shaft of bone, epiphysis is the ends of bone

Question 11

medullary cavity

Answer 11

inside of the diaphysis, hold yellow bone marrow among other things

Question 12

yellow bone marrow

Answer 12

fat storage

Question 13

Osteons

Answer 13

Cylindrical tubes within tubes that run along the diaphysis, contains lamellae

Question 14

lamellae

Answer 14

are the rings that have collagen fibers running in different directions to resists torsion

Question 15

central canals

Answer 15

aka Harversian Canal are inside of osteons and they hold nerves and blood vessels and other stuff

Question 16

lacunae

Answer 16

are between the lamellae and house your osteocytes.

Question 17

Osteoblasts

Answer 17

make and restore bone, make the matrix, and make collagen fibers

Question 18

Osteoclasts

Answer 18

beak down bone

Question 19

Resorption

Answer 19

process where osteoclasts break down bone and return the materials to the bloodstream

Question 20

apoptosis

Answer 20

process of osteoclasts destroying themselves

Question 21

Structural Classification

Answer 21

Classifying joints by what they’re made of

Question 22

Functional Classification

Answer 22

Classifying joints by what they do and how they move

Question 23

Synarthroses

Answer 23

non moving joints (like in your skull)

Question 24

Amphiarthroses

Answer 24

partial moving joints like the pubic bones

Question 25

Diarthrosis

Answer 25

Fully movable joints, like limbs

Question 26

Fibrous joints

Answer 26

connect bones with dense fibrous tissue

Question 27

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 27

unite bones using cartilage, don't move much,

Question 28

Synovial joints

Answer 28

has a joint cavity, synovial fluid and membrane to lubricate limb joints

Question 29

Sesamoid bones

Answer 29

embedded in tendons and protect them, like the patella, the knee cap

Question 30

Periosteum

Answer 30

tissue associated with the outside bone

Question 31

Endosteum

Answer 31

tissue associated with the inside bone

Question 32

Metaphysis

Answer 32

has hyaline cartilage and connects diaphysis and epiphysis and has the epiphysial growth plate

Question 33

Articular cartilage

Answer 33

cartilage at the end of bones that connects to other bones, covers the joint surface

Question 34

Surface markings / landmarks in bone

Answer 34

different textures and opening on bone that allow for passage of tissue or formation of joints

Question 35

Fissure

Answer 35

narrow slit (orbitals, eyes)

Question 36

Foramen

Answer 36

opening, like in the occipital bone of the skull

Question 37

Fossa

Answer 37

shallow depression

Question 38

Sulcus

Answer 38

furrow/groove, on the humorous

Question 39

Meatus

Answer 39

tube-like opening

Question 40

Condyle

Answer 40

Round large protuberance (like end of femur) bone mark

Question 41

Facet

Answer 41

slightly concave bone mark like in the vertebrae

Question 42

Head

Answer 42

rounded articular projection like the hip

Question 43

Crest

Answer 43

Prominent ridge like a crest, like in pelvis

Question 44

Epicondyle

Answer 44

roughed projection above a condyle

Question 45

line

Answer 45

long narrow ridge

Question 46

Spinous Process

Answer 46

sharp, slender

Question 47

Trochanter

Answer 47

large projection

Question 48

Tubercle

Answer 48

variable sized rounded projection

Question 49

Tuberosity

Answer 49

Variable sized projection

Question 50

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 50

Stem cells that mature into osteoblasts

Question 51

Osteocytes

Answer 51

maintain bone tissue

Question 52

Bone ECM is made of

Answer 52

water 15%, collagen fibers 30% , 55% Crystalized mineral salts hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate. This is what make bones hard. Acidic environment breaks it down.

Question 53

Canaliculi

Answer 53

small canals with ECF

Question 54

Intramembranous Bones

Answer 54

Develop from layers of membrane, mostly flat bones

Question 55

Endochondral bone

Answer 55

bones that develop from hyaline tissue

Question 56

Deposition

Answer 56

action of osteoblasts and calcitonin

Question 57

What do thyroid and parathyroid glands do?

Answer 57

send the signal for deposition and resorption.

Question 58

Rickets

Answer 58

Vitamin D deficiency causes fragile bones

Question 59

Osteoporosis

Answer 59

decreased bone mineral density, Resorption outpaces deposition.

Question 60

Osteomalacia

Answer 60

Due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 61

open fracture

Answer 61

poking out of skin fracture

Question 62

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 62

crushed or broken into smaller pieces

Question 63

Greenstick fracture

Answer 63

partial fracture

Question 64

Impact fracture

Answer 64

part of bone is driven into another

Question 65

Reduction

Answer 65

realignment of bone, can be open or closed

Question 66

Immobilization

Answer 66

preventing bone from moving

Question 67

Reactive Phase

Answer 67

When Tissue responds to injury, formation of fracture hematoma

Question 68

Reparative phase

Answer 68

fibrocartilage callus formation, that turn into bony callus

Question 69

Bone remodeling phase

Answer 69

fracture heals