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Bio 1 > Ch.6 (Cell Structure and Function) > Flashcards

Ch.6 (Cell Structure and Function) Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Theory - Biogenesis (3)

A

All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cell is the smallest unit of life.
Cells can only be made from pre-existing cells.

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2
Q

Purpose of cell division (2)

A

Reproduction, growth and repair in multicellular organisms

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3
Q

Types of cells (2)

A

Prokaryote, Eukaryote

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4
Q

Prokaryotes (2)

A

Bacteria, archaebacteria & smaller

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5
Q

Eukaryotes (2)

A

Protists, fungi, plants, animals & larger

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6
Q

Virus

A

Considered non-living because it cannot reproduce without host cell

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7
Q

Virus Prop.1

A

Contains DNA or RNA

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8
Q

Virus Prop.2

A

Contained within protein shell called CAPSID

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9
Q

Capsid

A

Protein shell in which the virus is contained

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10
Q

Virus Prop.3

A

Capsids of some viruses are surrounded by additional membranous envelope derived from host cell

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11
Q

Cell size (give a number)

A

1-100 um

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12
Q

Microscopes used to observe cells (2)

A

Light, electronic

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13
Q

Light microscope

A

Visible light optics (lenses), limited resolution & magnification

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14
Q

Electronic microscope

A

electron optics (magnets), high resolution & magnification

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15
Q

Resolution

A

amount of detail visible ; minimal distance at which two points are seen distinctly

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16
Q

Magnification

A

ratio of image size over object size

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17
Q

Limits to cell size : Upper

A

surface to volume ratio

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18
Q

Limits to cell size: Lower

A

lack of space to contain all molecules to sustain life

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19
Q

What happens if a cell is very large?

A

Surface of PM may not be large enough to allow exchange of the cell with environment

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20
Q

Solutions to Upper Limit (2)

A

Compartments
Adopt elongated shapes (microvilli)

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21
Q

Minimal cell components (4)

A

Cell Membrane = plasma membrane PM
DNA
Cytoplasm (H2O)
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)

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22
Q

Plasma Membrane (PM) (3)

A

maintains the cell as a distinct entity
phospholipid bilayer + proteins + cholesterol (for animal)
semi-permeable

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23
Q

PM permeability (what is permeable and what is not?)

A

impermeable to hydrophilic substances (ions, polar water molecules, sugars)
permeable to hydrophobic, non-polar substances (gas, lipid soluble molecules, cholesterol)

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24
Q

membrane transport proteins - what do they do?

A

allows passage of hydrophilic substances

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25
Prokaryotic Cell (8)
bacteria no nucleus no membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi, etc.) nucleoid cell wall: peptidoglycan capsule pili flagella
26
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall of prokaryotic cells
27
Capsule
Polysaccharide for attachment in some prokaryotic cells
28
Pili
extensions for attachment in some prokaryotic cells
29
Flagella
for locomotion in some prokaryotic cells
30
Nucleoid
in prokaryotic cells ; similar to the nucleus - area for DNA *DNA in single circular chromosome
31
Organelles (2)
compartments or structures inside cell with specific function generally membrane bound but can be without
32
Organelles of Eukaryotes (3)
nucleus, endomembrane system, (system includes several), peroxisomes
33
Eukaryote Organelle - Nucleus (4)
enveloped by double membrane (2 bilayers) contains genetic info site of transcription and replication contains nucleolus
34
Nuclear Envelope (2)
double membrane of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells consists of pores which allow passage of molecules
35
Nucleolus (3)
denser structure within nucleus of eukaryotic cell site of rRNA synthesis ribosome assembly
36
RER - Endomembrane System of Eukaryotic cell (4)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum attached-bound ribosomes protein synthesis of secreted and membrane proteins glycoproteins (blood antigens) modified in RER
37
SER- Endomembrane System of Eukaryotic cell (5)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum no ribosomes lipid biosynthesis site of detoxification of drugs & natural waste (liver) storage of muscle fibres
38
Lipid Biosynthesis - SER
phospolipids steroid hormones : ovaries and testis cholesterol : liver
39
Golgi - Endomembrane System of Eukaryotic cell (2)
protein folding protein modification "ZIP code"
40
Lysosomes- Endomembrane System of Eukaryotic cell (4)
ANIMAL ONLY hydrolytic enzymes: macromolecule digestion large food particules (phagocytosis) damaged organelles (autophagy) "stomach of the cell"
41
Central Vacuole- Endomembrane System of Eukaryotic cell (3)
PLANT ONLY multiple functions: -storage of waste -water homeostasis
42
What organelles have roles in metabolism?
Mitochondria Chloroplast
43
Role of mitochondria in metabolism (2)
cellular metabolism production of ATP
44
Role of chloroplast in metabolism
photosynthesis
45
Endosymbiont theory
organelles originate from bacteria
46
Peroxisomes (3)
site of detox of oxygen radicals detox alcohol in liver cells fatty acid catabolism
47
Cell Shape components (2)
cell wall (not for animals) cytoskeleton
48
Cell Wall for Plants
Cellulose
49
Cell Wall for Fungi
chitin
50
Cell wall for bacteria
peptidoglycan
51
Cytoskeleton (3)
maintains cell shape and anchors organelles for EUKARYOTIC cells dynamic role in cellular division, protein transport and cell movement constituted of filaments
52
Which type of cell does NOT have a cytoskeleton?
Bacteria
53
What are filaments in cytoskeletons made of?
Protein
54
Types of filaments (3)
Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules
55
(2) Microfilaments
also called Actin Filaments associated with PM
56
Functions of Microfilaments (4)
shape: microvilli motility muscle contraction : actin-myosin in sarcomere cell division : actomyosin ring during cytokinesis
57
Functions of Intermediate Filaments (3)
strength and shape of cells anchors organelles forms nuclear lamina
58
Nuclear Lamina
cage-like structure in nuclear envelope
59
Microtubules (MT) (2)
made of tubular protein dimers grow at centrosomes, microtubule organizing centres (MTO) and basal bodies (flagella, cilia)
60
Functions of Microtubules (3)
Cell shape and cell movement (cilia and flagella --> 9+2 arrangement) cell division (chromosome movement): mitotic spindle organelle movement: tracks for transport of vesicles during protein secretion
61
9+2 arrangement
for microtubules in cell ; 9 pairs and 2 singles)
62
What functions of some filaments require energy (ATP hydrolysis)? (6)
Microfilaments (3): -motility -muscle contraction -cell division Microtubules (3): -cell movement -cell division -organelle movement

Bio 1 (7 decks)

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