CH8

Question 1

5 Characteristics and examples, and 3 groups of Archaebacteria

Answer 1

Prokaryote
Hetotroph or autotroph
Unicellular
Primitive bacteria
Cell wall with no pepetidoglycan

1. Methanogen: Found in swamp and digestive tracts of ruminants and humans and produces methane as metabolic byproduct (Methanobacterium & Methanosacina)
2. Halophile: Extremely high salt concentration places (Halobacterium salinarum)
3. Thermophile: Withstand high temperature, optimum temperature of 60 to 80 degree celcius, found in hot springs and highly acidic questions (Solfolobus sp.)

Question 2

7 Characteristics and examples of eubacteria

Answer 2

Prokaryote
Hetotroph or autotroph
Unicellular that usually forms colonis
True bacteria
Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan aka murein
Cytoplasm contains ribosome and plasmids but no membrane enclosed organelles
Classified according to their shapes

Vibrio Cholerae
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

5 Characteristics and examples, and 3 groups of Protista

Answer 3

Eukaryote
Hetotroph or autotroph
Unicellular or Multicellular
Simple cell organisation with no specialised tissue
Cells contain nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Protozoa (Euglena sp., Amoeba sp., paramecium sp.)
Algae (Chlamydomonas sp., spirogyra sp.)
Slime Mould (Physarum polycephalum)

Question 4

4 Characteristics of plantae

Answer 4

Eukaryote
Photoautotroph
Multicellular
Undergo sexual or asexual reproduction

Question 5

5 Characteristics and examples of Fungi

Answer 5

Eukaryote
Hetotroph
Multicellular or unicellular
Cell wall made up of chitin
Body made up of thread-like network of hyphae known as mycelium

Agaricus sp

Question 6

5 Characteristics of Animalia

Answer 6

Eukaryote
Can move
Undergoes Sexual reproduction
Hetotroph
Multicellular

Question 7

3 Main characteristics of bacteria

Answer 7

Does not have nucleus due to lack of nuclear membrane
Genetic material exist in the form of nucleoid
Some bacteria have plasmid; small DNA molecules that carry extra genes

Question 8

3 Main characteristics of protozoa

Answer 8

Animal-like multicellular organism
Free-living or parasitic
Moves around using cilia, pseudopodium or flagellum

Question 9

3 Main characteristics of algae

Answer 9

Autotrophs with chloroplast
Some move with flagellum
Live in ponds lakes and ocean

Question 10

4 Main characteristics of viruses

Answer 10

Not included in kingdom because not a cellular organism
Does not carry any life process outside of a cell
Reproduces using living cells by injecting genetic materials into host cells
Made up of nucleic acid and capsids

Question 11

Process of nitrogen cycle

Answer 11

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (lives in root nodules of legumes; Rhizobium sp. OR free-living; Azotobacter sp.) fix Nitrogen into Ammonium Ion

Fertilizers provide NH4+ and Nitrate to the salt

When plants or animal dies, Decomposition is carried by decomposers (saprophytic fungi and saprophytic bacteria), where protein in body tissue is broken down into ammonium ion via ammonification

Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas sp.) convert ammonium ion to nitrite ions via nitrification

Nitrifying bacteria nitrobacter sp. convert nitrite to nitrate ion

Lightning from thunder oxidises Nitrogen to Nitrogen oxide that dissolve in rainwater ro form HNO3 and HNO2 that form nitrate salts in soil

Nitrates are absorbed by plant roots and used to synthesise proteins

When animal animal eat plants, nitrogen get transferred to animal tissue

Denitrifying bacteria convert Nitrate in soil to nitrogen gas through denitrification