CH3

Question 1

9 Macronutrients, function and effects of deficiency

Answer 1

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
- Important components in carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
- Photosynthesis will not take place
- less oxygen released by plants
- stunted growth that can cause death because no glucose

Nitrogen
- gives green coloour to plants through formation of chlorophyll
- leaves undergo chlorosis//yellowing of the leaves mainly on matured plants
- stunted growth

Potassium
- maintains plant turgidity
- edges of leaves becomes yellowish
- premature death of plants

Calcium
- main component of middle lamella, cell wall & spindle fibre
- stunted growth
- part between leaves veins becomes yellowish

Magnesium
- Main components of structure of chlorophyll
- Parts between matured leaf veins becomes yellowish
- red spots on leaf surfaces

Phosphorus
- Act as co enzyme
- formation of dark green and dull coloured leaves
- unhealthy root growth
- red/purple spots appear on older leaves

Sulphur
- Components of a few amino acids
- leaves or the whole plants the yellow

Question 2

8 Micronutrients. function and effect of deficiency

Answer 2

Chlorine
- Important in equilibrium of osmotic pressure of plants and photosynthesis
- plants wilt
- leaves undergoes chlorosis

Iron
- important in growth of young plants
- young leaves becomes yellowish

Manganese
- Important for cell respiration and nitrogen metaboslim and activate photosynthetic enzyme
- light brown/grey spots between leaves vein

Boron
- Involves in carbs metabolism & helps in germination of pollen
- Death of terminal buds
- Abnormal growth

Zinc
- SYnthesis of auxin
- Stunted growth

Copper
- Nitrogen metabolism & photosynthesis
- Stunted growth

Nickel & Molybdenum

Question 3

Root adaptations for water and mineral salts uptake

Answer 3

Root hair cells are not layered with cuticle to allow water absorption & have big vacuoles to store water and mineral salts

Cortex has thin cell wall to facilitate movement of water molecules and are loosely arranged to facilitate gaseous exchange

Endodermal cells are closely arranged and one cell thick & have suberin/lignin thickening to firm casparian strips

Vascular cylinder
Xylem and phloem arranged in star shaped pattern

Question 4

3 Types of nutritional adaptation of plant

Answer 4

Parasitic
- grow on other plants (host)
- Roots of parasitic plants absorb organic substance, mineral and salt by penetrating the stem up to the vascular bundle of the host
- Host will eventually die

Epiphytic
- Green plants that lives on othe plants (hosts)
- Synthesis their own food
- Roots absorb water and mineral salts accumulated in the gaps of plant stem
- swollen stem to store more water

Carnivorous
- Able to synthesise their own food through photosyhnthesis
- secretes nectar & have cup to trap their prey