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IHP 1001 > Ch.9 Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

Ch.9 Adipose Tissue Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Adipose tissue plays a key role in___

A

energy homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the storage form of energy, 2x the energyy density of carbs and proteins?

A

Tryglycerides

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3
Q

Adipose tissue is an ____ organ

A

Endocrine organ

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue

A
  1. White (unolocular)
  2. Brown (multilocular)
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5
Q

4 main functions of white adipose tissue?

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. Insulation
  3. Protect vital organs
  4. Hormone Secretion
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6
Q

White adipose tissue classification

  • Good for thermal insulation
  • Concentrated under the skin
    Abdomen
    Buttocks
    Axilla
    Thigh
A

Subcutaenous Fat

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7
Q

White adipose tissue classification

  • Protection of organs
  • Greater omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneal space
A

Internal Fat

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8
Q
  • Biologically active substances
  • Hormones, growth factors, cytokines
A

Adipokines

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9
Q

Leptin Does what?

A
  • Inhibits food intake
  • Depending on levels stimulates metabolic rate
  • Ciculating satiety factor
  • Binds to receptors in the **hypothalamus **
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10
Q

Increased levels of TNG-α, IGF-1, IL-6 – may influence development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, oversecretion of cytokeienes.

A

Obesity

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11
Q

Obsity results in ____ adipocytes with gigantic lipid droplets

A

Hypertrophic adipocytes

BIG

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12
Q

Compare number of dead adipocytes in an obese person compared to healthy

A

30x more dead in obsese

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13
Q

High number of dead adipocytes results in what? due to obesity

A

Chronic low grade inflammation
* TNF-α and IL-6 levels up trying to clear the dead cells

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14
Q

____ Contributes to development of
* metabolic syndrome
* diabetes
* predictior of cardiovascular disease specifically artherlsclerosis.

A

Chronic Low grade infl.

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15
Q

White adipose tissue cells differentiate from what cell?

A

Perivascular mesenchymal stem cell

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16
Q

What functions as the master switch for initiation of differentiation from perivascular mesenchymal stem cell into White adipose cell

A

PPARγ/RXR complex

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17
Q

?

A

White Adipose tissue

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18
Q

explain structure of white adipose tissue

A
  • **Unilocular **
  • Large, round
  • Surrounded by reticular fiber (Type 3 collagen
  • Poor blood supply
  • Large vacuole in center villed with fat
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19
Q

Short-Term Weight Regulation

Appetite stimulant; hunger stimulation in the hypothalamus

A

Ghrelin

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20
Q

Short-Term Weight Regulation

appetite suppressant weight regulation. Acts through receptors in hypothalamus

21
Q

Where are short term weight regulators released from and do they affect weight?

Study These Flashcards
A

Released from stomach, dont affect weight that mych

22
Q

What the 2 long term weight regulators hormones important in fat mass and weight gain?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Leptin
  2. Insulin
23
Q

Where is Ghrelin produced?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gastric epithelial cells

24
Q

overproduction of ghrelin leads to morbid obesity
Compulsive eating and food obsession HUNGRY

Study These Flashcards
A

Prader Willis syndrome

25
Adipose tissue hormone
Leptin
26
Levels of **leptin** in the blod reflect what?
Adipose tissue mass (amount of stored energy) | hig= high BMR
27
What does Leptin do to the CNS?
Guides CNS to maintain **balance between food ingestion and energy** use
28
What happens to **leptin levels during starvation**?
**Levels decreases** * Decreased energy use * Low basal metabolic rate | protective mechanism to combat starvation
29
Pancreatic hormone,
Insulin
30
What does inslin do?
Enhances conversion of **glucose -> triglycerides** for stored energy. * req for **accumululation of adipose tissue ** | increase obesity due to glucose rich foods
31
# Deposition and Mobilization of Fat **Fasting and cold exposure release** * *Norepinephrine*, which activate lipases-> lipid mobilization -> increase metabolism -> *produce more heat. *
Neural control
32
# Deposition and Mobilization of Fat * * **insulin** promote lipid synthsis * **Glucagon** increases liploysis to acess energy stores * **Growth hormone** increases lypolysis * **Cortisol** stimulat lipolysis
Hormonal control
33
Key thermogenic tissue; makes heat
Brown adipose tissue
34
What tissue makes up about **5% body mass in newbornes** to maintain temperatures?
Brown adipose tissues
35
Explain structure of **brown adipose tissues*
* **Multilocular ** * Small cellls * **Many lipid droplets** * Large # mitochondria * **Lots of vasculatrue** | Acess energy fast!
36
?
Brown adipose TIssue
37
What cells do **brown adipocytes diffrentiate from?**
Skeletal myogenic progenitor cell
38
what is the **master switch** for intiation of **brown adipocyte differentiation?**
**PRDM16/PGC-1** * regulate expression of UCP-1 essential for thermogensisi, prevents degeneration of ATP
39
# Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue **Oxidation of lipid** warms blood as it flows through brown adipose tissue
Nonshivering thermogenisis
40
# Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue * Found in mitochondria for BAT * Uncouples oxidation **(stops generation) of fatty acids** from ATP production * **Energy is dissipated (produced) as heat instead of captured in ATP**
UCP-1 Uncoupling protien 1
41
# Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolic activity of BAT is primarily regulated by _____
norepinephrine
42
What does Norepinephrin do with UCP-1
stimulates **lipolysis/hydrolysis of triglycerides** and increases UCP-1 expression and activity
43
Explain cold and NE and thermogenisis
1. Cold 2. Release NE from brain 3. Stimulate Lypolysis of brown fat cells 4. Shuttle into mitochondria 5. **UCP-1 causes generationof heat INSTEAD of energy**
44
Adipose can convet either way in reposne to what?
Thermonegic needs
45
3-5 days of cold exposure will increase the amount of?
Increae amout of Brown adipose Tissue (generates heat better)
46
# [](http://) Transdifferntiation from hot ot cold occurs ___
Slower
47
look
48
49
# Adipose tissue tumors * Lipoma= common benign tumor in adults * Conventional lipomas= WA * Fibrolipomas= adipocytes srrounded by fibrous tissue * Angiolipomas= adipocytes seperated by vascular channeles * Liposarcomas= malignant tumor, mature adipocytes * Hibernomas= rare tumor of BAT
* Lipoma= common benign tumor in adults * Conventional lipomas= WA * Fibrolipomas= adipocytes srrounded by fibrous tissue * Angiolipomas= adipocytes seperated by vascular channeles * Liposarcomas= malignant tumor, mature adipocytes * Hibernomas= rare tumor of BAT

IHP 1001 (18 decks)

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