Ch9: Digestive System

Question 1

alimentation
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Answer 1

process of providing nutrition to the body

oral intake of substances into the body

mechanical and chemical conversion of food is accomplished by chewing

process where the digested food molecules pass through the lining of small intestines’ into the blood or lymph capillaries

removal of undigested food particles (defecation)

Question 2

3 major classes of nutrients

Answer 2

carbohydrates proteins and fat

Question 3

two name for enzyme that breaks down protein

Answer 3

protease or proteinase

Question 4

-ation
bil/i or chol/e
cirrh/o
de-
glycos/o
-orexia
-pepsia
vag/o
viscer/o

Answer 4

action or process
bile
orange-yellow
down, reversing, removing
sugar
appetite
digestion
vagus nerve
viscera

Question 5

cheil/o
denti/i, dent/o, odont/o
gingiv/o
gloss/o, lingu/o
or/o, stomat/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
intestin/o, enter/o
duoden/o
jejun/o
ile/o
col/o,colon/o
append/o, appendic/o
cec/o
sigmoid/o
proct/o
rect/o
an/o

Answer 5

lips
teeth
gums
tongue
mouth

esophagus
stomach
intestines

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

colon or large intestines
appendix
cecum
sigmoind colon
anus or rectum
rectum
anus

Question 6

pertaining to:
anus
duodenum
inferior of the stomach
small intestine
esophagus
tongue
rectum

Answer 6

anal
duodenal
endogastric
enteral
esophageal
glossal
rectal

Question 7

what are the accessory organs of digestion and their combining for

Answer 7

liver - hepat/o
gallbladder - cholescyst/o
pancreas - pancreat/o
salivary gland - sial/o

bile- bil/i, chol/e
common bile duct - choledoch/o

Question 8

biliary

Answer 8

pertaining to bile

Question 9

cholecystic

Answer 9

pertaining to gallbladder

Question 10

choledochal

Answer 10

pertaining to the common bile duct

Question 11

esophagram/barrium swallow/esophagogram

Answer 11

x-ray image of esophagus when the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension

Question 12

biliary calculus (gallstone)
presence of stones in gallbladder
presence of stones in bile duct
presence of stones in pancreas

Answer 12

stone formed in the biliary tract
cholelithiasis
choledocholithiasis
pacrealithiasis

Question 13

injection of radiopaque substances into the salivary ducts

visual examination of esophagus

visual examination of the stomach

endoscopic examination of the lining of the colon with a colonoscope

inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon with an endoscope

endoscopic examination of the rectum with a proctoscope

Answer 13

sialography
esophagoscopy
gastroscopy
colonoscopy
coloscopy, sigmoidoscopy, proctoscopy
proctoscopy

Question 14

result of reisstance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas

Answer 14

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Question 15

hyperglycemia

Answer 15

increased glucose level in the body

Question 16

symptoms of DM

Answer 16

polyphagia - hunger
polyuria - urination
polydipsia - thirst
(excessive)

Question 17

hypoglycemia

Answer 17

when pancreas produces too much insulin and blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar

Question 18

hyperlipidemia

Answer 18

abnormal increase of fat or lipids in the blood

Question 19

hyperemesis

Answer 19

execessive vomiting

Question 20

emaciation

Answer 20

execssive leannes caused by lack of nutrition or disease

Question 21

anorexia
anorexia nervosa
bulimia
malnutrition
malabsorption syndrome
flatulence

Answer 21

loss of appetite for food
disorder characterized by prolongated refusal to eat
episidoci binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse
depletion of nutrients for body cells
improper absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream from the intestines
excessive gas in the smoatch and intestinal tract

Question 22

dyspepsia

Answer 22

bad digestion

Question 23

Mouth:
canker sores
cheilitis
gingivitis
glossitis
stomatitis

Answer 23

ulcers, chiefly of the mouth and lips
inflammation of the lip
inflammation of gums
inflammation of the mouth

Question 24

esophagus:
dysphagia
esophageal varices
esophagitis
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 24

INABILITY OR DIFFICULty swallowing
complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus susceptible to hemorrhage
inflammation of the esophagus
backflow of the stomach contents into esophagus

Question 25

stomach: gastritis gastrocele hiatal hernia gastroenteritis hyperacidity ulcer upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 25

inflammation of the stomach herniation of the stomach protusion of a structure through the opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the esophagus inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract excessive amount of acid in the stomach lesion of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the sloughing od dead tissue bleeding of the upper digestive structures, evidenced by hematemesis

Question 26

intestines: appendicities colitis diverticulitis diverticulum diverticulosis duodenal ulcer duodenitis dysentery enterostasis hemorrhoids irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) lower gastrointetsinal bleeding

Answer 26

inflammation of the vermiform appendix inflammation of the colon inflammation of a diverticulum in the intestinal tract small sax or pouch in the wall of an organ presence of diverticula without inflammation an ulcer of the duodenum inflammation of the duodenum inflammation of the intestine stoppage or delay in the passage of food through intestine masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended in or out of rectum abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines of unknown origin bleeding of the lower digestive structures

Question 27

gallbladder: cholecystitis cholelithiasis cholestasis

Answer 27

inflammation formation or presence of gallstones stoppage of bile excretion

Question 28

liver: cirrhosis hepatitis hepatomegaly

Answer 28

chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells inflammation of the liver enlargement of the liver

Question 29

pancreas: diabetes hypoglycemia pancreatitis

Answer 29

general term for disease characterized by excessive urination low blood glucose levels inflammation of pancreas

Question 30

appetite-suppressing

Answer 30

anorexiant

Question 31

surgical approach that limit food intake or absorption

Answer 31

gastroplasty gastric bypass

Question 32

medications used to: treat diarrhea relieve or prevent vomiting to induce vomiting evacuation of the bowel and constipation promote full evacuation of the bowel

Answer 32

antidiarrheals antiemetics emetics laxatives purgatives or cathartics

Question 33

feeding tubes used to introduced nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 33

nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal

Question 34

new opening made in esophagus, stomach or jejunum

Answer 34

esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy

Question 35

biliary lithostripsy

Answer 35

crushing of gallstones so then it could pass through biliary ducts

Question 36

shock wave lithotripsy or laser lithotripsy

Answer 36

a non invasive treatment for crushing of gallstones

Question 37

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Answer 37

gallbladder is excised with a laser and removed through a small incision in the abdominal wall

Question 38

appendectomy cholecystectomy colostomy

Answer 38

removal of the vermiform appendix surgical removal of the gallbladder creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out the surface

Question 39

gastroduodenostomy

Answer 39

new opening has been made between the stomach and the duodenum

Question 40

gastrectomy anastomosis gastrostomy hemorrhoidectomy ileostomy stoma

Answer 40

removal of all or part of the stomach joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate sugrical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall removl of hemorrhoids by any of sevral means creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum. Necessary when the large intestine has been removed opening where fecal material drains through into a bag worn on the abdomen

Question 41

laparoscopy liver biopsy percutaneous liver biopsy pancreatolithectomy vagotomy

Answer 41

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall removal of tissue from the liver for pathologic examination removal of liver tissue by using needle to puncture the skin overlying the liver excision of pancreatic stone resection of protions of the vagus nerve near the stomach. Used to decrease the amount of gastric juices severing the nerve