HLTH 289 > Ch 7: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Ch 7: Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

what circulatory system is consist of

A

cardio+vascul+ar system (heart and blood vessels) and the lymphatic system (conveyance of fluid lymph)

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

home/o sameness
-stasis controlling

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3
Q

structure of the cardiovascular system (5)

A

see folder

arteries - blood leaves by
arterioles - branched arteries
arterial capillaries - branched arterioles - tiny vessels - site where oxygen and waste are exchange
venules - blood leaving capillaries and blood returns the heart through
veins - flows into the veins - carry blood back to the heart by way of the venae cavae (largest veins in the body)

there is also venous carpillaries

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4
Q

lymphatic, artery, vessel combining form

A

lymphat/o
arter/o
vascul/o

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5
Q

what are the 4 chambers of heart

A

left atrium
right ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

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6
Q

describe the process that deoxygenated and oxygenated blood goes through

A

venae cavae - rigth atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs echange co2 and o2 - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

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7
Q

differences between
pericardium (-ium membrane)
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium

A

sac made up of a double membrane encloses the heart.

innermost layer of the pericardium (visceral)

membrane that form the lining inside the heart

the heart muscle itself. thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers

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8
Q

what is the name of the blood verrels that supply oxygen to the heart

A

coronary arteries

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9
Q

what’s the name of the artery which blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body

A

aorta

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10
Q

what are the 5 types of blood vessels

A

arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries

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11
Q

blood pressure definition and normal range

A

the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of an artery (120 (systolic pressure/maximum)/80 (diastolic pressure/ pressure by a relaxed heaty)mmHg)

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12
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vacul/o
aort/o
arter/o or arteri/o
arteriol/o
ather/o
phleb/o, ven/o
venul/o

A

vessel
aorta
artery
arteriole
yellow fatty plaque
vein
venule

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13
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

diagnostic term for primary disease of the heart and muscle

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14
Q

myocarditis
endocarditis
pericarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle
inflammation of endocardium which leaves the heart valves affected - lining fo the heart
inflammation of pericardium -

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15
Q

electrocardiogram
electrocardiograph
electrocardiography

A

measurement
instrument used to record electrical currents of the heart
process of recording electrical currents of the heart

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16
Q

echocardiography
echocardiogram

A

use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease
record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall

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17
Q

what MRI
CT stand for

A

magnetic resonance imaging
computer tomography

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18
Q

cardiac catheterization
catheter

A

passage of long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or leg or the neck
instrument used

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19
Q

PET or __ __ __ is used for

A

positron emission tomography
examining blood flow in the heart and blood vessels

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20
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself

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21
Q

arrhythmia (dysrhthmia)

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

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22
Q

asystole

A

absence of heartbeat

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23
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged size of the heart

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24
Q

congenital heart defects (atrial or ventricular)

A

abnormalities present in the heart at birth

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25
congestive disease/ heart failure
weakness, breathlessness, and edema in the lower portions of the body; work demanded by the heart is greater than what it could perform
26
coronary artery disease
abnormal condition that affects heart's arteries and produces pathologic effects (reduced blood flow to myocardium)
27
coronary heart disease
heart damage from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary artery
28
fibrillation defibrillator defibrillation
severe cardiac arrhythmia in which concentrations are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart apparatus used to slow/restore its normal rhythm
29
heart murmur
soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart
30
hyperlipidemia
excessive lipids in the blood (cholesterol) can influence coronary heart disease
31
hypertension hypotension
elevated blood pressure above 120/80 can be hypertensive low blood pressure 95/60
32
infarction and it can result from -occlusion -stenosis myocardial infarction myocardial ischemia
necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply that area obstruction narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue death of an area of te heart muscle as a result of oxygen deprivation deficiency of blood supply to myocardium. ischemia refers to a temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part
33
septal defect
defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart can be atrial or ventricular
34
shock
serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood
35
vasodilation
increase in the diameter of a blood vessel
36
vasoconstriction
decrease in the diameter of the heart
37
angiomas
tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma). generally benign
38
aortography aortogram
radiography of aorta record by this procedure
39
aortic stenosis (narrowing)
narrowing of aortic valvo
40
arteriography arteriogram
radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream image produced
41
arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis
hardening of the arteries formation of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries
41
angiocardiography angiography
radiography of heart and great vessels radiography of vessels
42
aneurysm hemorrhage
ballooning out of the wall of a vessel caused by congenital defect or weakness of the wall of the vessel loss of large amount of blood In a short time
43
types of strokes
hemorrhagic stroke - blood vessel bursts thrombotic stroke - plaque cause a clot to form and blocks blood flow embolic stroke- blood clot or embolus reaches an artery in the brian
44
pertaining to thrombus
thrombotic
45
thrombophlebitis coronary thrombosis
inflammation of veins associated with a blood clot blood clot in a coronary artery
46
varicose veins (varicosity) hemorrhoids
swollen and knotted veins masses of dilated varicose veins in the anal canal
46
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
47
cardiopulmonary bypass
diver blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily
48
sinoatrial (SA) node
heart natural pacemaker
49
cardioversion cardioverter defibrillator ICD
restoring the heart's normal rhythm using electrical shock detects sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers low energy shock to the heart
50
antiarrhythmic digoxin (is it an example)
drugs use to prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm
50
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action close heart massage and artificial respiration
51
nitroglycerin
drug for angina pectoris
52
beta blockers
medication used in myocardial infarction to allow heart to work less
53
thrombolytic
agent administrated thorugh a catheter to dissolve the clot
54
vasodilators
medications that cause dilation of blood vessels
55
antihypertensives
agents that are used to reduce high blood pressure
56
diuretics
reduce blood volume through greater excretion of water by the kidneys
57
antilipidemic
drugs to lower cholesterol levels in blood
58
angioplasty one example phlebectomy
surgical repair of blood vessels balloon catheter excision of a vein
59
artherectomy
excision in the artery
60
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical excision fo a hemorrhoid
61
what compose the lymphatic system (6)
lymph vessels lymph nodes lymph tonsils thymus spleen (splen/o)
62
types of tonsils
palatine, pharyngeal/adenoinds, lingusl
63
lymphatic carcinoma
cancer that has spread to the lymphatics from another site
64
lymphoma
general term for carncer that originates in the lymphatic system
65
lymphangitis lymphangiography
acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes
66
lymphedema
swelling caused by accumulation fo lymph in tissue
67
lymphangiograms
checls theintegrity of of the lymphatic system
68
elephantiasis
example of edema a parasite disease seen in the tropics. caused by obstruction of lymphatic vessels by parasites
69
lymphadenopathy lymphadenoma lymphadenitis
any disease of the lymph nodes tumor of a lymph node inflammation of lymph nodes
70
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
71
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
72
lymphadenectomy splenectomy tonsilectomy adenoidectomy
excision of lymph node when adenoids are enlarged
73
rhytmic expansion and contrection of an artery
pulse
HLTH 289
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