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Champagne > Champagne Significant Years and Dates > Flashcards

Champagne Significant Years and Dates Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Romans settle in Champagne

A

5th Century

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2
Q

The first recorded wine house in Champagne

A

Gosset 1584 as a still wine house

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3
Q

How long has Champagne (Reims) been the coronation location for the Court

A

Since 1575

  • 27 French Kings have been crowned in Reims
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4
Q

What was going on in Champagne between 1550 - 1730

A

A little Ice Age

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5
Q

How did the wines of Champagne originally ferment and mature

A

In Cask until the Mid 17th Century

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6
Q

Who grew majority of the grapes in the 18th Century

A

Peasants

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7
Q

What was the first Champagne house of Champagne

A

Ruinart - founded in 1729

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8
Q

When was considered the Golden Age of Champagne

A

1830 - 1870

  • Sales grew in Key Markets such as Imperial Germany and Britian
  • The US Market had opened up
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9
Q

When did Champagne become integral with being French and how?

A

1870 - 1914

  • Era was also known as Belle Epoque (1871 - 1914, a period characterized by optimism, regional peace, economic prosperity, colonial expansion, technological, scientific, and cultural innovations )
  • Key to national and personal rituals
  • A symbol of Social Cohesion (at least for the rich)
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10
Q

When did Phylloxera come to Champagne

A

1890

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11
Q

When was the Aube officially removed from the region of Champagne

A

1911

  • Once the regions boundaries were set for Champagne Viticole
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12
Q

When was the Aube officially brought back in to the region of Champagne

A

1927

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13
Q

When was the Commission of Chalons founded

A

1935

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14
Q

When was the CIVIC founded

A

1941 by Count Robert Jean du Vogue of Moet to help protect the interest of Champagne from the Nazi’s who took over the area during would World War II

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15
Q

What was Trente Glorieuses

A

Thirty Glorious - from 1945 - 1975, the French economy boomed and people began to purchase a lot of Champagne

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16
Q

When was the breakdown of agreement over the price of grapes and who banned it

A

1991 - European Union

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17
Q

How long did the Romans rule Champagne

A

50 AD til 461 AD

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18
Q

What century did Champagne begin to establish the names “vins de la riviere and vins de la montagne

A

9th Century

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19
Q

What was the years of the 100 years war and who was it between

A

1337 - 1453, the English and France (House of Valois)

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20
Q

By the 12th Century, how many communes were growing grapes in Champagne

A

131

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21
Q

By the 1400’s how many communes were growing grapes in Champagne

A

400

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22
Q

During the 1500’s what grape made its debut in the region of Champagne

A

Pinot Noir

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23
Q

What was the exact years of the Thirty Years War and the reason behind it

A

1618 - 1648

  • Protestant Reformation
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24
Q

What year was Dom Perignon born

A

1638 or 1639 (sources differ on the year)

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25
Q

When was the first intentionally crafted sparkling wine produced in Champagne

A

1695 / 1698

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26
Q

When was the cork rediscovered as a seal in Champagne

A

1685

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27
Q

When did Sir Robert Mansell, a admiral of the Royal Navy and Glassworks owner, began to add iron and manganese to the glassblowing process and crafts the pre-cursor to strong bottle glass or “verre anglais”

A

1630’s

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28
Q

When did the terms Vins Pour Mousser and Vins Mousseux began to be used

A

1710

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29
Q

What is signigicant about March 8, 1735

A

The official champagne bottle made its debut and was fashioned by royal decree

  • By decree, it is sealed with a cork that is tied to the bottle with a string
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30
Q

When did it become legal to sell and transport champagne in a bottle

A

1728

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31
Q

When did the usage of a wire made of iron or brass become an option to hold the cork in place

A

1760

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32
Q

What sub region of Champagne began champagne production during the 17th Century

A

Montagne de Reims

33
Q

What sub region of Champagne began champagne production during the 18th Century

A

Cote des Blancs

34
Q

By the end of the 18th Century how many acres / hectares are under vine in Champagne and who controls majority of them

A

125,000 acres / 50,000 ha

  • the church and nobility
35
Q

At the end of the French Revolution, what village became the new capital of Champagne

A

Chalons-sur-Marne

36
Q

Before the French Revolution, what village was the capital of Champagne

A

Troyes

37
Q

What was the Metheun Treaty

A

SIgned in 1703, was an agreement between England and Portugal, guaranteeing that no tax higher than the tax charged for an equal amount of French wines could be charged for Portuguese wines exported to England.

  • Basically a battle between Port (Portugal) and Champagne (France)
38
Q

What made Champagne begin to expand to markets outside of Britain? To places such a Poland, Russia, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Scandinavia and newly born United States in the 18th Century

A

1728 - King George II prohibited the importation of wine in bottles

  • The import tax was lifted in 1786 but not the bottle ban
  • Bottle ban was lifted at the turn of the century (1800s)
39
Q

When did the first champagne glass appear, where, and what style was it

A
  • 1755
  • England
  • It was in a bowl shape and was long and conical
  • In 1772 the glass was referred to as a flute
40
Q

When did the flute become apart of French Culture

A

the 1800’s and it was known as a “drinking vessel”

41
Q

At the end of the 18th Century, approximately how many bottles were produced in Champagne

A

300,000

42
Q

What revolution in the 19th Century made its way to Europe and help link France and Europe

A

Industrial Revolution

43
Q

By 1821, how many established champagne houses were there

A

100

44
Q

When did Germans began to migrate to the region of Champagne

A

The beginning of the 19th Century

45
Q

At the end of the 18th Century, how many established champagne houses were their

A

10

46
Q

When did the concept of “house styles” or blending became a widespread art in Champagne

A

The start of the 19th Century

47
Q

What year was the first mention of sugar being added to increase the effervescence of the finished product

A

1821

48
Q

What year did pharmacist Jean Baptiste Francois solve the dilemma behind how much residual sugar is left in the wine after the first fermentation and how much more to add to deliver maximum sparkle and minimal breakage

  • This method was known as Reduction Francois
A

1837

49
Q

When did Madame Clicquot began to experiment with the remuage process

A

1806

50
Q

When did Madame Clucquot and her celler master Antoine Muller perfect the pupitre and remuage

A

1818

51
Q

When did the A shape pupitre come into play

A

1840

52
Q

When did Armand Walfard of Belgium, invent the method of disgorgement a la glace and when was it patented

A

1884

53
Q

When did the coupe make its debut

A

1830s

54
Q

When did railroads reach Epernay and Reims

A

1854

55
Q

When did printed labels replace handwritten wine cards

A

Around 1820

56
Q

When did the dosage machine appear

A

1844

57
Q

When did corks began to be covered with tin foil instead of wax

A

1856

58
Q

When did producers began to brand their sparkling wines with the place of origin

A

1860’s

59
Q

When was the muselet invented and by whome

A

1844 - Adolphe Jacquesson

60
Q

When is the muselet patented

A

1870’s

61
Q

By the end of the 19th Century, what was the production of champagne bottles

A
  1. 5 million

- end of the 18th Century it was 300,000

62
Q

What was the Madrid agreement

A
  • Created in 1891
  • Ratified between 9 countries
  • Purpose of this treaty was to establish a union by which registered marks (trademarks) would be protected within all its members countries
  • This treaty was not very effective on a global scale due to the fact that so few countries ratified the agreement at the time
63
Q

When was the The Federation des Syndicates Viticoles de la Champagne is created and what was its purpose

A

1904

  • Created and campaigned against fraud
64
Q

What year did Champagne define its borders

A

1908 and it was called the Champagne Viticole

65
Q

What year was the Echelle des Crus (scale of named places) created

A

1911

66
Q

What year was the law made that the word “champagne” must appear on labels, corks, and packing crates and the phrase “ Vin Declate Originaire de la Champagne Viticole” (Wine declared to be a native of Champagne” must appear on shipping documents

A

1911

67
Q

When was the Champagne Deuxieme Zone created

A

1911

68
Q

When was the Belle Epoque era

A

1871 - 1914

69
Q

When did the noble grapes become the main grapes of Champagne

A

1920’s after World War I

70
Q

When did the vineyards move away from vignes en foule to vinges en lignes

A

1920’s after World War I

71
Q

When did the Aube rejoin the region of Champagne

A

1927

72
Q

During what years did the Great Depression drop the numbers of champagne growers from 25,000 to 13,300; grape surplus gives birth to recoltants manipulants and sparkling cooperatives

A

1930s

73
Q

What year did bottle production go 100% mechanized ; no more hand blown glass bottles

A

1936

74
Q

What year did Moet et Chandon introduce the first prestige cuvee Dom Perignon

A

1937

75
Q

When was the Madrid Protocol drafted

A

1989

76
Q

When did the Madrid Protocol go into effect

A

1996

77
Q

When did the slopes, cellars, and Houses of Champagne gain World Heritage Site status

A

July 4, 2015

78
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive in the Aube and progresses north to Marne

A

1889

79
Q

When did the farmers tractor began to get used in Champagne

A

1950’s

Champagne (17 decks)

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