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Champagne > Unit 2 - Geology, Topography and Soils > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Geology, Topography and Soils Flashcards

1
Q

The Region of Champagne takes its name from what Latin word and what does it mean

A

Campagna, meaning unforested land or open country or plain

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2
Q

Is the region of Champagne located on land flat?

A

No, the region is not flat. There are gentle to steep slopes.

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3
Q

Why is Champagne considered a plain or open expanse

A

The lack of forest

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4
Q

What is the Paris Basin

A

A large downward depression (syncline) of sedimentary rock strata

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5
Q

When was the Triassic period? And what rock or soil forms came about due this period

A

250 - 200 Million Years Ago

  • Gypsum, Rock Salt, and Sandstone
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6
Q

What was the Jurassic period? And what rock or soil forms came about due to this period

A

200 - 145 Million Years Ago

  • Sandstone and Limestone
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7
Q

What was the Cretaceous period? And what rock or soil forms came about due to this period

A

145 - 65 Million Years Ago

  • Chalk, Clays, and Sands
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8
Q

What was the Tertiary period? And what rock or soil forms came about due to this period

A

65 - 1.8 Million Years Ago

  • Sands, Marls, Lignite Clays
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9
Q

How big is the Paris Basin

A

Approximately

  • 310 miles / 500 km from east to west
  • 185 miles / 300 km from north to south
  • Over 54,000 square miles / 140,000 square km in size
  • Represents 25% of the country of France
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10
Q

What soil makes up 75% of the top soil in Champagne

A

Limestone ( including chalk and marl)

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11
Q

How long is the Seine River

A

482 miles long

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12
Q

What River cuts through the Aube (Cote des Bars)

A

Seine River

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13
Q

The Marne River is a tributary to what river in France

A

Seine River

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14
Q

The Marne River travels near what two major cities in Champagne

A

Epernay and Reims

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15
Q

Vallee de la Marne, Vallee de l’Ardre, Vallee de la Vesle and Vallee du Surmelin were all formed by what river and its tributaries

A

Marne River

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16
Q

The hills in the Aube sub regions were form by what rivers

A

Bar-sur-Aube

  • Aube
  • Landion

Barsequanais

  • Ource
  • Arce
  • Laignes
  • Seine
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17
Q

The hills of the Cote de I’Ile-de-France, Cote de la Champagne and the Cote des Bars were formed due to what?

A

A result of the tectonic upheaval when the Paris Basin sank at its center and shunted its northern and eastern rims upwards

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18
Q

What vineyards in Champagne make up the Cote de I’Ile-de-France

A
  • Montagne de Reims
  • Cote des Blancs
  • Sezanne
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19
Q

What vineyards in Champagne make up Cote de la Champagne

A
  • Vitry -le - Francois

- Montgueux

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20
Q

What vineyards in Champagne make up the Cote des Bar

A
  • Barsequanais

- Bar-sur-Aube

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21
Q

The average slope in Champagne possesses what grade

A

12%

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22
Q

What slope direction gets the most intense sun exposure

A
  • East
  • Southeast
  • South
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23
Q

The Aisne, Aube, Marne, Yonne, Barse, Eure, Orge, Yvette, Loing, Oise, Epte, and Risle rivers all feed what river in France

A

Seine

24
Q

What are the two primary sub-soils of Champagne

A

Chalk and limestone-rich marl

25
Q

CHAMPAGNE SIDE NOTE

A

All chalk is limestone, not all limestone is chalk

  • The two calcium-rich rocks have very different properties
26
Q

True or False: Chalk can not absorb a lot of water

A

False: Chalk can absorb a lot of water. It acts like a subterranean sponge effectively pulling rainwater from the surface and down to its 985 - 1,310 feet / 300 - 400 meters depths

27
Q

Where is the largest portion of the chalk plains located

A
  • Reims and Epernay
  • East of Montage de Reims
  • Chalons-en-Champagne
  • Cote des Blancs
  • Also the famous villages of Ay, Ambonnay and Verzenay
28
Q

What does Dry Champagne refer too

A

A term used by James Wilson in regards the the area that had a lack of moisture and lack of production due to the chalk top soil

29
Q

The Aube lays on top of what type of subsoil

A

Kimmeridgean Marl ( a limestone - clay base that retains water, but not to the detriment of plant life)

30
Q

What does Wet Champagne refer too

A

A term used by James Wilson to describe the kimmeridgean marl that is found in the Aube

31
Q

What does Champagne humide mean

A

Wet Champagne

32
Q

What does Champagne Pouilleuse mean

A

Dry Champagne

33
Q

What type of soil does Pinot Noir thrive in

A

Limestone rich marl

34
Q

What characteristics does limestone rich marl give to Pinot Noir

A

Deep aromatic and earthy expressions

35
Q

Vallee de la Marne (most of it) and Val de Reims are comprised of what type of soils

A

Sands, Marls, and Clay

  • Although there are some pockets of chalk in a few villages on the eastern fringe where these sub - regions boarder the chalk plains
36
Q

What type of wines do clay soil produce

A
  • wines that can be mineral rich

- wines that need more significant time aging to express their true flavors and aromas

37
Q

What type of wines do sandy soils produce

A
  • wines with more overt fruit characteristics

- these wines are open and easy - drinking

38
Q

What is the main soils of the Cote de Sezanne

A

Chalk and Clay

39
Q

Do the wine regions in France follow the political borders

A

Not always

40
Q

What are the two primary chalks of Champagne

A

Belemnite and Micraster

41
Q

What is Belemnite Chalk?

A

Refers to the ancient arrow or dart like relative of today’s Squid

42
Q

What is Micraster Chalk?

A

Composed of fossilized sea urchins - a member of the starfish family

43
Q

Which chalk is more preferred? Belemnite or Micraster? And why

A

Belemnite

  • simply due to its location. It is found mostly in the upper and middle slope levels
44
Q

Where is most Belemnite chalk located

A

the upper and middle slope levels

  • this happens to be ideal for optimal sun exposure and moisture retention
45
Q

Why is mid slope vineyards in such great position

A

They can ensure they will get maximum water retention.

  • They collect the rainwater falling from above plus the rainwater running downhill from points above it
46
Q

Where is Micraster Chalk located

A

Where the slope begins to flatten

47
Q

What type of characteristic does chalk provide for the wine

A
  • High in acid

- Reserved Aromatics

48
Q

Kimmeridgean Marl is also known as

A

Virgulien marl

49
Q

What is Exogyra Virgule

A

The fossilized marine deposit that are those of a small comma shaped oyster. This is what makes up kimmeidgean marl

50
Q

What is the Kimmeridgean ring

A

A ring of limestone - rich marl outcrops that run through England and France

  • the ring leaves England at the cliffs of Dover, dips under the English Channel and rises again as the cliffs of Normandy, France
51
Q

Where does the name Kimmeridgean come from

A

The Dorset Village of Kimmeridge in England.

  • This is where the soil was first classified
52
Q

What area in Champagne is apart of the Kimmeridgean ring

A

Cote des Bar

53
Q

What is Mono - Parcelles

A

Houses that capitalize on their special terriors

  • Example: Philipponnat’s Clos des Goisses
    Launched since 1935
54
Q

What is Mono - Cru

A

Houses that opt to focus on the fruit from one village or cru

  • Example - Salon’ Cuvee “S” Le Mesnil Blanc de Blancs
    Launched since 1921
55
Q

Who has benefited the most behind the idea of singe vineyard / single village wines and why

A

Grower Producers

  • they embrace vintage variation
  • they embrace the signature flavors of a single cru / and or a single vineyard bottling
56
Q

Why is the idea of what grower producers modus operandi frowned upon by the large houses in Champagne

A

Because the masions or negociants believe in maintaining a house style and in blending grapes

Champagne (17 decks)

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