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Champagne > Unit 2 - Champagne Grapes > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Champagne Grapes Flashcards

1
Q

From the 9th Century to the 16th Century what were the principal grapes

A

Goauis Blanc - white skinned grape

Gouais Noir - red skinned grape

Fromenteau - Gray/Pink skinned grape

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2
Q

The Gray / Pink Fromenteau was favored in what area of Champagne

A

Vin de la Riviere

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3
Q

Gouais Noir was favored in what area of Champagne

A

Vin de la Montagne

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4
Q

What grape also is known as Weisser Heunisch and Marmot and is the mother of many French and German grapes

A

Gouais Blanc

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5
Q

Gouais Blanc has been attributed to beginning in what areas of Europe and why

A

Northeast France ( Champagne - Ardenne, Franche - Comte, Lorraine, and Alsace)

Southwest Germany ( Rheinland - Pfalz, Baden - Wurttemburg)

  • Due to the number of crosses found there
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6
Q

True or False

Gouais Noir and Blanc were very productive grapes and were true workhorse grapes

A

True

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7
Q

Aligote, Auxerrois, Chardonnay, Petit Meslier, Melon, Sacy, Romorantin, Gamay Blanc, Gamay Noir, Colombard, Furmint, Elbling, Riesling, Folle Blanche, Jacuere and Arbois

What grape from Champagne was used as one of the crossing grapes to help create these grapes

A

Gouais Blanc

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8
Q

Which grape was planted more in Champagne, Gouais Blanc or Gouais Noir

A

Gouais Noir

  • Gouais Blanc was never widely used in champagne production
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9
Q

The following White Grapes below where grown in the region of Champagne during what time?

Gouais Blanc

Beaunois (Chardonnay)

Pinot / Morillon (Blanc) offshoots: Petit Blanc, Blanc Dore, Gros Blanc, Epinette (or Epinette Blanche), Bon Blanc Bargeois, Arboisier

A

As of 1900

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10
Q

As of 1900, offshoots of this grape represented 1/3 of the grapes used for champagne and were concentrated in the Cote des Blancs

A

Pinot Blanc

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11
Q

Pinot Noir made its way to Champagne around what time?

A

The 1500’s

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12
Q

What grape did Pinot Noir replace as the red grape of choice

A

Gouais Noir

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13
Q

Morillon Noir, Norien or Bon Noir are synonyms for what grape

A

Pinot Noir

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14
Q

What is plant dores and plants gris and their meanings

A

The two categories Pinot Noir was divided into at the end the 19th Century

Plant Dores - bronze plants / vines

Plant Gris - gray plants / vines

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15
Q

What were some characteristics and names of Plant Dores grapes and where were these grapes typically grown at

A
  • low yielding
  • Ay : Petit Plant Dore ( also known as Petit Plant Dore d’Ay)
  • Epernay: Demi-Plant Noir
  • Montagne de Reims : Rouge Dore
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16
Q

What grape was formerly known as Morillon Taconne

A

Pinot Meunier

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17
Q

What departments is Meunier very popular

A

Aisne and Marne

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18
Q

What characteristics did vigerons like about Meunier

A

Its hardiness and consistent yields

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19
Q

Fromente Violet or Fromente Rose are synonyms for what grape

A

Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)

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20
Q

Where in Champagne was Fromenteau known as Fromente Violet and Fromente Rose

A

the Aube

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21
Q

The following Red Grapes below where grown in the region of Champagne during what time?

Tienturer (Noiraut / Alicante)
* Grape with dark skin and dark flesh

Enfume Noir

Chasselas Rouge (also known as Muscat Rouge)

Gamay / Gamet

Francois Noir, Troyen Noir, Bachet, Beaunoir (hailing from the Aube)

Gouais Noir

Meunier

Pinot Noir(s)

A

As of 1900

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22
Q

When did Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier become the noble grapes of Champagne

A

After World War I

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23
Q

What made the noble 3 grapes of Champagne stand out from the rest of the other grapes that were growing in Champagne

A
  • They exhibit excellent sugar / acid balance
  • a subtle flavor profile
  • When vinified, a delicate effervescence
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24
Q

This grape Is a genetic mutation of Pinot Noir and is indigenous to France

A

Pinot Meunier

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25
Q

Which grape is harvested first, Pinot Noir or Pinot Meunier and why

A

Meunier, to avoid the worst of the spring and autumn wet and cold

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26
Q

Where does the word Pinot derive from and what is its relevance to the grape

A

Latin for “Pineau” which means pine cone

  • It is called this because the clusters are tight and compact like a pine cone
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27
Q

What does Noir mean

A

Black

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28
Q

Is Pinot Noir a early or late budding grape

A

Early

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29
Q

Is Pinot Noir susceptible to spring frost

A

Yes

30
Q

Is it typical to harvest Pinot Noir before Autumn and why

A

Yes to avoid the autumn rains

31
Q

What type of climate does Pinot Noir thrive in

A

Cool Climates

32
Q

What type of Soil does Pinot Noir thrive in

A

Limestone and marl

33
Q

What are some characteristics of Pinot Noir

A
  • Palate and Nose: Cherry and Strawberry
  • Good Acidity
  • Moderate Tannins
  • Light Pigment
34
Q

This grape contributes the least amount of acidity and moderate alcohol to the blend

A

Pinot Noir

35
Q

This grape is a cross between Pinot Noir x Gouais Blanc

A

Chardonnay

36
Q

This grape prefers limestone or limestone rich marls

A

Chardonnay

37
Q

This grape is early budding, early ripening and productive

A

Chardonnay

38
Q

This grape can achieve high sugar and high extract levels

A

Chardonnay

39
Q

What are some characteristics of Chardonnay

A
  • Primary fruit aromas of apple and citrus

- Contributes more acidity and more alcohol than the other two principal grapes

40
Q

What caused the decline of Arbanne and when did it reach its peak as a planted grape

A
  • Succumbed to the mildew brought over from North America

- Peak planting was during the 1800’s

41
Q

What characteristic does Arbanne bring to the blend

A

Flower bouquet

42
Q

What grape buds so early that it was in constant threat of frost damage, and its also an inconsistent ripener

A

Petit Meslier

43
Q

This grape in the warm years, when mature contributes more alcohol to the blend

A

Petit Meslier

44
Q

This grape in lean years contributes acid but also an unwanted sour , green character

A

Petit Meslier

45
Q

What is the number of rootstocks that have successfully adapted to the Champagne, climate, soil, and scions

A

3

  • Rootstock 41B
  • SO4
  • 3309C
46
Q

Rootstock 41B

SO4

3309C

What are these 3 items and their place in Champagne ?

A

These are the 3 most successful rootstocks in Champagne

47
Q

What is the most popular Rootstock in Champagne and why?

A

Rootstock 41B

  • Its affinity for chalky soils and clay subsoils
  • Oddly rather ill-suited for tolerating springtime humidity
  • Medium vigor
48
Q

What percentage of vines are grafted to the Rootstock 41B

A

Approximately 81% of the vine are grafted to this rootstock

49
Q

What type of soil does the rootstock SO4 prefer

A

limestone soils

50
Q

What type of soil does the rootstock 3309C prefer

A

soils with little or no limestone

51
Q

What is the preferred Pinot Noir clone type chosen for Champagne and why

A

Bigger Berried grapes because they tend to produce more juice than the clones selected for red wine production (small berries with a higher skin to pulp ratio is desired)

  • Champagne clones tend to be higher in acid than clones selected for still wine production
52
Q

What type of clones are chosen for Pinot Meunier

A

Bigger berry size with later bud break tendencies also is resistant to Botrytis

53
Q

What grapes clones are specifically chosen cause they have a stronger resistance to Botrytis / Grey Rot

A

Pinot Meunier

54
Q

How did the non usage of the plow effect the vine

A
  • The Vine developed shallow roots

- Vines were more vulnerable to the effects of excess rainfall, drought, and over zealous fertilizer applications

55
Q

How did mechanical weed control help the vine

A

It served to force the vine’s roots to grow down ….. to grow deep

56
Q

What are the CIVIC Recommended Pinot Noir Clones

A

115, 779, 927

57
Q

This Pinot Noir Clone was selected for reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, steady yields, Botrytis resistance

A

Pinot Noir 115

58
Q

This Pinot Noir Clone is best for red wine production, reliable maturation to 9-10% alcohol, Botrytis resistance

A

Pinot Noir 779 and 927

59
Q

This Chardonnay clone was selected for precocious nouasion (development of berries) , steady yields, Botrytis Resistance

A

Chardonnay 76

60
Q

This Chardonnay clone was selected for reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, low yields, Botrytis Resistance

A

Chardonnay 75 and 95

61
Q

This Pinot Meunier clone was selected for late budding, reliable maturation to 9-10% potential alcohol, steady yields, botrytis resistance

A

Pinot Meunier 977

62
Q

This Pinot Meunier clone was selected for reliably higher maturation (10% potential alcohol), unfortunately low Botrytis Resistance

A

Pinot Meunier 900

63
Q

This Pinot Meunier clone is selected for precocious nouaison, Botrytis Resistance

A

Pinot Meunier 817

64
Q

This grape means in translation “Miller’s Pinot” because the underside of the leaf looks as if it has been dusted with flour

A

Pinot Meunier

65
Q

This grape is frost and freeze resistant and is planted in areas that typically suffer from both

A

Pinot Meunier

66
Q

This grapes secondary buds are fruitful, so even after a hard frost this grape still can produce a small crop

A

Pinot Meunier

67
Q

This grape wines posses good acidity and bright red fruit with a touch of earthiness

A

Pinot Meunier

68
Q

This grape grows well on all soils

A

Pinot Meunier

69
Q

This grape yields small tight clusters

A

Pinot Meunier

70
Q

This grape compares to the other noble grapes of Champagne it contributes a moderate amount of acid and the amount of alcohol to the blend

A

Pinot Meunier

71
Q

This grapes, juice oxidizes quickly

A

Pinot Meunier

Champagne (17 decks)

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