Changing Ecomomic World - UK Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is gentrification?
The improvement of built-up areas by individual property owners.
What is the UK government’s levelling-up agenda?
A programme aiming to spread opportunity more equally across the UK.
What are the aims of the UK government’s investment in roads?
Increase traffic capacity; improve the condition of the UK’s roads; boost local and regional economies; create thousands of jobs.
What are the aims of the UK government’s plans to improve the rail network?
TransPennine route between Manchester and York upgraded; a new high-speed rail line between London and Manchester (HS2); the completion of Crossrail, improving journey times across London.
What is the benefit of Liverpool 2?
Double the ports capacity, reducing freight traffic on roads, creating 1000 jobs and boosting the economy in the north-west.
What is the benefit of Heathrow airport’s additional runway?
Increases the amount of freight/goods passing through the UK, boosting the economy.
What is the north-south divide?
Differences between the south of England, and the north of England and the rest of the UK.
Give three strategies that address the north-south divide.
Government encouragement of business development in the north, through Enterprise ones with simpler planning, business rate discounts, and allowances for plant and machinery; financial support for foreign investors; local enterprise partnerships; the levelling-up agenda.
What is a post-industrial economy?
Where the manufacturing industry declines, to be replaced largely by growth in tertiary and quaternary jobs.
How can industry adapt to become more sustainable?
Adopt technology to reduce harmful emissions (e.g., desulphurisation of harmful heavy industry and power-station smoke).
What is a transnational corporation (TNC)?
A large company that has operations (e.g., factories, offices, research and development) in more than one country.
What is subsistence farming?
Agriculture that produces only enough food and materials for the benefit of a farmer and their family.
What are imports?
Goods or services brought into a country from abroad for sale.
What are exports?
Goods or services sent to another country for sale.
How does government force industry to become more sustainable?
Setting strict environmental targets on water quality, air pollution, and landscape damage; monitoring and regulation of industrial operations.
How can industry adapt to become more sustainable?
Adopt technology to reduce harmful emissions (e.g., desulphurisation of heavy industry and power-station smoke) directly on the ground or in a disused quarry.
What is landfill?
The dumping of any waste (not recycled or reused).
What was the Industrial Revolution?
The period around 1750-1914 where an agriculturally based economy changed to mainly manufacturing.
What is a business park?
An area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses that benefit from working together.
What is a science park?
A group of scientific, technical knowledge-based businesses and support services on a single site.
What is a post-industrial economy?
Where the manufacturing industry declines, to be replaced largely by growth in tertiary and quaternary jobs.
What is privatisation?
State-run industries are sold to private shareholders to create a more competitive business environment.
What term is used for the growth and spread of ideas around the world, which is made possible by developments in transport, communications, and the internet?
Globalisation.
How did the UK’s employment structure change from the 18th century to 1914?
From a pre-industrial economy dominated by the primary sector to a much larger secondary sector (manufacturing) due to the Industrial Revolution.
