Changing Economic World Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is meant by development?
The process a country has made in terms of economic growth =, use of technology, and human welfare.
What is the development gap?
The difference in standards of living between the world’s richest and poorest countries.
What is Gross National Income (GNI)?
The total income of a country, including earnings abroad, divided by its population total.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A social measure of development considering income, life expectancy, and years in education.
What are birth and death rates?
The number of births/deaths per year, per 1000 of the total population.
what is the literacy rate?
The percentage of people in a country that have basic reading and writing skills.
Name three things that indicate quality of life.
All the variables contributing to human welfare, including happiness, material wealth and possessions, safety, security, freedom, voting rights, good health, and so on.
What are diseases of affluence?
Degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and dementia - most associated with HICS.
What is population structure?
The number (or percentage) of males and females in a population by age - shown on population pyramids.
What is the dependency ratio?
The proportion of people below and above normal working age; the lower the ratio, the more workers there are (and so less dependency).
What is urban regeneration?
An attempt to reverse the decline and decay of an urban area by improving its physical structure.
What is urban sustainability?
Creating an environment that meets the needs of existing residents without compromising those needs for future generations.
What are the physical causes of uneven development?
Extreme climatic and weather conditions; lack of clean water sources; landlocked countries cut off from sea trade; harsh relief.
What are the economic causes of uneven development?
Poverty preventing improvements to education, infrastructure, and living conditions; trade stacked in favour of richer countries.
What are the historical causes of uneven development?
Many European HICs have a long history of development based on exploitative colonisation of LICs, many of which since gaining independence have suffered from ethnic rivalries, power struggles, civil wars, and corruption.
What are the main causes of death in LICs?
Infectious diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS, diarrhoea, tuberculosis).
What are the main causes of death in HICs?
Chronic, degenerative diseases of affluence (e.g., cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and dementia).
What is a displaced person?
A person forced to flee their home, but staying in their country of origin.
What is immigration?
Coming into a foreign country to live there permanently.
What is emigration?
A migrant moving voluntarily to seek a better life, such as a better-paid job.
What is an economic migrant?
A migrant moving voluntarily to seek a better life, such as a better-paid job.
What is a refugee?
A person forced from their country of origin, often because of conflict or a natural disaster.
