Tectonic Hazards Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a primary effect of an earthquake?
An effect that is the direct result of the earthquake.
What is a long-term response to an earthquake?
A response to the earthquake that is concerned with long-term recovery.
What was the population density in Christchurch in 2011 compared to Kathmandu in 2015?
Christchurch: 1300 per km²; Kathmandu: 20,200 per km².
How many people died in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?
185
How many people died in the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
9000
How many buildings were damaged in Christchurch and Nepal due to the earthquakes?
Christchurch: 100,000; Kathmandu: 600,000
163 schools were closed in Christchurch after the earthquake. Is this a primary or secondary effect?
Secondary
Did New Zealand or Nepal have the highest cost of damage resulting from their earthquake?
New Zealand
Name two reasons why people continue to live near volcanic hazards.
Jobs in tourism; precious minerals; they feel safe: fertile soils; geothermal energy.
How can volcanic eruptions be predicted?
Detecting changes in the volcano’s shape; detecting small earthquakes; gases escaping from the volcano.
How can people be protected from earthquakes?
Earthquake-proof buildings.
Name one feature of an earthquake-proof building.
Shock absorbers in the foundations; rolling weights; reinforced walls; shutters on the windows.
Name a low-cost measure that can reduce the impact of earthquakes.
Education of the population; earthquake drills.
What is a natural hazard?
An extreme natural event that threatens property and human life
Give an example of a natural hazard
Tropical storm, tornado, earthquake, volcano, flood
Is everywhere on Earth at risk from tectonic hazards?
No
Where do tectonic hazards occur?
At plate margins
What is the very centre of the Earth called?
Inner core
Name the two theories for why tectonic plates move.
Convection currents in the mantle; ridge push/slab pull
Name the three types of plate margin.
Destructive, constructive, conservative
What is the focus of an earthquake?
The point in the earth’s crust where the pressure is released.
What are seismic waves?
The energy released in an earthquake.
What is the epicentre of an earthquake?
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
What is the focus of an earthquake?
The point in the earth’s crust where the pressure is released.
