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Changing Economic World Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Gross national income per capita?

A

Total income of a country divided by the number of people

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2
Q

What is the limitation of GNI per capita?

A

It only takes into account the one factor of income
Can easily be distorted by wealthy people

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3
Q

How is birth rate measured?

A

Number of births per 1000 population

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4
Q

What is the limitations of birth rate?

A

Birth control policies can easily distort this as a measure of development

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5
Q

What is death rate measured in?

A

Every 1000 people

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6
Q

What is the limitation of measuring by death rate?

A

It is a less reliable measure than birth rate

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7
Q

How is infant mortality rate measured?

A

Number of deaths of children less than one year age per 1000

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8
Q

What is a limitation of the infant mortality rate?

A

In the poorest countries not all deaths are recorded, especially in rural areas meaning the number may be higher than expected

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9
Q

What is the limitation of life expectancy?

A

Data is not always reliable

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10
Q

How is literacy rate measured?

A

The percentage of people with basic reading and writing skills

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11
Q

What is the limitation of literacy rate?

A

It can be hard to measure in LICs due to lack of monitoring

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12
Q

What is the limitation of access to safe water?

A

People may technically have access but high costs may force them to use water that is not safe

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13
Q

What is HDI?

A

Human development index
Composite measure using data on income, life expectancy and education

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14
Q

How is HDI expressed?

A

0-1
1 is the highest

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15
Q

What are the limitations of HDI?

A

It is a narrow measure which only uses 3 indicators
It is a general measure so doesnt take into account massive disparities
Statistics from some countries may be unreliable

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16
Q

How will birth rate change as a country develops?

A

It will decrease
As education increases women will have careers and get married later

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17
Q

What are the causes of uneven development?

A

Historical - colonisation
Physical - landlocked, climate related diseases, extreme weather and limited access to safe water

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18
Q

What are the economic causes of uneven development?

A

Trade
Poverty

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19
Q

What do lics primarily trade?

A

Primary goods

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20
Q

What are some of the global inequalities?

A

Health - lics 40% of death are in u15s compared to 1% in hits
Wealth
Global migration

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21
Q

How much of the world’s wealth does Northern America have - and in what population?

A

35% wealth
5% population

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22
Q

What are the strategies to reduce the development gap?

A

Investment by TNCs
Industrial development
Aid
Fair trade
Intermediate technology
Debt relied
Microfinance loans

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23
Q

What is investment by tncs?

A

Invest in lics and nees in sectors they think are going to expand rapidly
After they gain a return on their money

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24
Q

What is industrial development?

A

Enables them to invest in their primary sectors
This increases productivity generating more wealth for the economy

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25
What is debt relief?
HICS loaned LICs money during the 60-80s Debts have been reduced buy things like conservation swaps
26
What is a microfinance loan?
A small loan designed to give people a chance to escape the cycle of poverty
27
Where is Tunisia?
North Africa Coastal
28
What are some facts and opportunities for Tunis?
3hr flight from London Landscape is very diverse 7 UNESCO heritage sites North coast has Mediterranean climate
29
What are the positive impacts of tourism in Tunisia?
One of the fastest growing tourism economies in the world One of the wealthiest countries in Africa Income quadrupled Job creation Literacy rates increased
30
What are the negative impacts of tourism in Tunisia?
Disproportionate growth Alters physical environment Competition for water Rise in tensions over water supplies Leakages of income back to tncs
31
When did Tunisia have terrorist attakcs?
2015
32
How much did tunisias literacy rates increase by?
13%
33
How much of the world’s oil is supplied by Nigeria?
2.7%
34
How many Nigerians live in other countries?
1.24 million
35
How many minority groups make up a third of nigerias population?
250
36
How many times has the Nigerian football team won the African cup of nations?
3 times
37
How is the environment changing in northern Nigeria?
Rainfall is decreasing
38
What are the positives of a youthful population?
Attract international investors Less government expenditure on healthcare Economically active
39
What are the negatives of a youthful population?
Workspace needs more training Pressure on schooling system More competition for jobs Inexperienced work force
40
What were the elections in Nigeria in 2011 and 2015 declared as?
Free and fair - leading to increased political stability
41
What are the fastest growing industries in Nigeria?
Telocommunications Retail and wholesale Film industry
42
How much does oil and gas account for Nigeria gdp?
14%
43
What type of industry is dangote cement?
Secondary
44
How can manufacturing industry stimulate the economy?
Local firms provide them with components Local people earn more money They spend this in local businesses The government can increase taxes They spend the money improving the infrastructure
45
How much does oil make up of the countries export revenues?
90%
46
What is a large TNC in Nigeria?
Shell
47
What are the positive economic impacts of shell?
Invests money and encourages development Multiplier effect Brings new expertise into the country
48
What are the negative economic impacts of shell?
TNCs have power over the government They can withdraw investment with no warning There is a leakage of profits
49
What are the positive social impacts of shell?
Provides jobs with better wages
50
What are the social negatives of shell?
Human rights abuses Poor working conditions
51
What are the environmental positives of shell?
Try to clean up after environmental damage Shell foundatation helps sustainability and biodiversity in local communities
52
What are the environmental negatives of shell?
They pollute the environment and dont always clean up
53
What is top down/large scale aid?
Money given to a donor country to spend on development
54
What is bottom up/small scale aid?
Aid that lasts for short periods of time
55
What is short term/emergency aid?
Aid given by donor countries in response to events
56
What is long term/development aid?
Aid given over a long periods of time
57
What is bilateral aid?
Given to countries with something expected in return
58
What are the negatives of socio-economic growth?
Environmental degradation Exploitation of workers Pollution
59
What is deindustrialisation?
The declining proportion of traditional manufacturing industry as the result of depletion of raw materials, loss of markets, competition from NEEs and rising costs
60
What are the main causes of deindustrialisation?
Increasing cost Globalisation Changing government policies Declining investment Cycle of decline
61
What is globalisation?
The increasing interconnections and interdependence between nations
62
What is the post industrial economy?
The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries
63
What are growth corridors?
An area of the country where the economy is growing, often along a major transport route linking two or more cities
64
What is agglomeration?
Where similar business cluster together to share ideas
65
How many employees does Cambridge science park have?
Over 7000
66
What are some positives of the Cambridge science park?
Investment into the public transport sector Work leader in medical research - brings investment
67
What are the disadvantages of the Cambridge science park?
House prices are rising It is becoming increasingly congestef
68
What are primary industries?
Provide the raw materials
69
What are secondary industries?
Manufacturing
70
Where is Torr quarry?
Somerset
71
What is sustainability?
Development that meets the needs of the present without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
72
Why is the outer Hebrides experiencing population decline?
People are migrating to the mainland in search of better job opportunities and pay
73
What are the road improvements?
100 new road schemes 1300 new lane miles added to major roads
74
What are the railway improvements?
High speed 2 Electrification
75
How much is the new container terminal in Liverpool worth?
£300 million
76
How many poeple do airports employ?
Over 300,000
77
How is uk air travel being developed?
3rd runway at Heathrow
78
What is the north south divide?
Economic and cultural differences Clear difference in health conditions, house prices, earnings and political influence
79
Why is there a north south divide?
During the Industrial Revolution the growth was centred around coalfields This later then declined due to tiertary sectors growing
80
What is an enterprise zone?
Government incentives like easier plannning regulations
81
What is a LEP?
Local enterprise partnership Voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses aimed at encouraging investment and boosting the local economy
82
What brands have LEP offers been made to?
Pirelli Aston martin
83
Who are the uks main trading partners?
EU USA China
84
What are the uks links to the world?
Heathrow and Gatwick Channel tunnel Ferries and cruises from dover
85
How much is British television worth a year?
£1.25 billion

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