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Changing economic world - Nigeria Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the regional importance of Nigeria?

A
  • leadership roles
  • largest population in Africa (218 million - October 2022)
  • largest economy in West Africa
  • highest agricultural output in Africa
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2
Q

What is the global importance of Nigeria?

A
  • Nollywood film industry
  • 1.24 million Nigerians living in other countries
  • by 2050 Nigeria’s economy will be in the top 20 largest economies in the world
  • 2.7% of the world’s oil is supplied by Nigeria
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3
Q

Where is the largest ethnic group in Nigeria?

A

North of Nigeria

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4
Q

Where has more woodlands and swamps in Nigeria?

A

South

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5
Q

What is the environment like in the north of Nigeria?

A

Short grass savanna
hot, dry, tropical climate
short wet season

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6
Q

How has the economy in Nigeria changed overtime?

A

Economy increased

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7
Q

How might social factors impact Nigeria’s development?

A

250 minority groups - different languages may cause barriers as well as differences in traditions

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8
Q

How might cultural factors impact Nigeria’s development?

A

music is enjoyed across Africa - may encourage migration to be apart of it

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9
Q

How might environmental factors impact Nigeria’s development?

A

decreasing rainfall - negative impact on agricultural success
increase pressure on water use

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10
Q

What are the positives of a youthful population?

A

active and productive workforce
- healthy and able to contribute to the economy

attractive to international investors

less government expenditure on healthcare

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11
Q

What are the negatives of a youthful population?

A

more competition for jobs

pressure on schooling systems to provide enough resources

workforce need more training as they are less experienced

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12
Q

What is one political factor that effected Nigeria?

A

2 and a half year civil war
triggered by the declaration of an independent state of Biafra in 1967

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13
Q

What were the effects of the civil war?

A

mass migration
100,000 military casualties
2 million people in need of food aid to prevent starvation

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14
Q

What is Nigeria’s economy changing from and turning into?

A

from agricultural economy
into an industrial economy

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15
Q

Where does over half of the country’s GDP come from now?

A

manufacturing and service industries

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16
Q

What are the fastest growing industries in Nigeria?

A

Telecommunications
Retail and wholesale
Film industry

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17
Q

Suggest a reason for Nigeria’s changing economic sectors

A

education rate is increasing
- more people going to school
- get better jobs, that pay more

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18
Q

What type of industry is Dangote Cement?

A

Secondary

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19
Q

Is Dangote cement growing? How is it changing overtime?

A

Due to rapid urbanisation, demand for cement is high
leading Sub-Saharan cement company
48.6 million tonnes per year across 10 countries

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20
Q

What impact might urbanisation have on development of jobs?

A

Increases the pace of economic development
Increased formal jobs
pay and encourage investment
increased expansion into other countries in Africa increases Algeria’s influence in the region and its GNI

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21
Q

Impacts of Nigeria’s growth in manufacturing: tax

A

regular paid work gives people a secure income to improve their own lives
income for the government from tax increases

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22
Q

Impacts of Nigeria’s growth in manufacturing: goods

A

Many manufactured goods are available for people to buy

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23
Q

Impacts of Nigeria’s growth in manufacturing: cars

A

manufacturing a car needs many other parts so other businesses benefit from making and supplying the parts

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24
Q

Impacts of Nigeria’s growth in manufacturing: foreign companies

A

attracts foreign companies to establish and invest in Nigeria creating more jobs

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25
What are the negative economic impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
compensation given to Bodo villagers is to effectively used leakage of profit back to HQ in HICs profit not invested in LICs loss of income for farmers, fisherman due to destroyed landscapes
26
What are the positive economic impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
increased wealth and rapid boost in GDP per head provides jobs with better wages than local work multiplier effect provides new technology
27
What are the negative environmental impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
TNCs pollute the environment and don't clean it up --> Shell had several oil spills, 500 million gallon s in Niger Delta causing untold damage
28
What are the positive environmental impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
TNCs have charities such as Shell foundation which helps sustainability and biodiversity in local communities Try clean up after environmental damage
29
What are the negative social impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
Human rights is abused --> Shell has been accused of crime against Ogoni people - remain very poor TNCs have power over the government
30
What are the positive social impacts of Shell in Nigeria?
better jobs provided
31
What are the changing political relationships with the wider world?
Originally part of the British Empire - so most political and trading link with were the UK and other pats of the Empire Independence in 1960, become apart of the Commonwealth - maintaining strong links with the UK but also developing links elsewhere Plays a leading political role in Africa Growing links with China
32
What are the changing trading relationships with the wider world?
Imports: most imports come from China, USA and the EU Exports: almost 50% are to the EU e.g. crude oil, natural gas, rubber, cotton and cocoa
33
What is aid?
aid involves the provision of support for people can take the form of emergency aid following a natural disaster
34
Why might Nigeria need aid?
Trapped in a cycle of debt Help managing threat from terrorism managing food supply managing health
35
Why is aid not always effectively used in Nigeria?
Corruption in the government and individuals means aid is lost or not given to the right people There have been many claims aid money has been used to supply the Navy Donors of aid may have political influence over who does and does not benefit --> they may use donations to promote themselves
36
How does Nigeria benefit from aid: malaria
Nets for life provide education on malaria and give mosquito nets to households to prevent the spread of the disease
37
How does Nigeria benefit from aid: World Bank
World Bank funded loans to businesses to help diversify the economy away from being dependent on oil so that new industries and businesses are developed
38
How does Nigeria benefit from aid: UK
The UK government has funded health and HIV programme providing health and education in rural areas - help to protect people from infection in the future and help them to work and improve their own lives
39
What are the 5 different types of aid?
'Top down' or large scale aid 'Bottom up' or small scale aid Short term or emergency aid Long term or development aid Bilateral, conditional or tied aid
40
'Top down' or large scale aid: World bank
World Bank has provided $560 million to build a large scale irrigation and drainage scheme in north-east Nigeria in the Upper Benue river basin
41
'Top down' or large scale aid: Dadin Kowa Dam
The Dadin Kowa Dam has been built across the Gongola River to form a reservoir which will provide irrigation water for farming
42
How will 'Top down' or large scale aid improve lives?
increasing food production providing local flood protection improving resources for agriculture, fishing and forestry
43
'Bottom up' or small scale aid: Oxfam
Oxfam is working in Nigeria to help small-scale farmers improve their productivity so that there is more food available for the growing population Help prevent volatile changes in food prices - rising help in times of natural disasters, emergencies and climate change
44
Short term or emergency aid: 2017
In 2017, two United Nations agencies are working in north-east Nigeria to help people affected by the conflict between the Nigerian government and a terrorist organisation, Boko Haram
45
Short term or emergency aid: emergency
The UN can provide emergency help in places where some individual donor countries might not be welcome
46
Short term or emergency aid: food
The UN Food Programme has supplied emergency food to over 400000 people in Northern Nigeria, who are facing starvation --> farmers where unable to grow crops due to conflict
47
Short term or emergency aid: rainy season
The rainy season made it hard for the supplies of food and medicine to reach the stricken people who are clustered near Maiduguri, the Borno state capital
48
Short term or emergency aid: UN refugee agency
The UN Refugee Agency (UHCR) has been helping people who fled to Cameroon for safety, when the conflict broke out but are now returning home - homes destroyed --> UNHCR has been providing them with shelter and clean water
49
Long term or development aid: 2016
In 2016 the UK provided Nigeria with £305 million of aid to help the country achieve its Millennium Development Goals
50
Long term or development aid: political projects aim
improve financial management and reduce corruption improve the law and order and the justice system reduce conflict though reconciliation strengthen democracy by empowering woman
51
Long term or development aid: economic projects aim
creates jobs by helping people set up markets in the Niger Delta and by providing microfinance
52
Long term or development aid: environmental projects aim
helps people to adapt to climate change
53
Long term or development aid: social projects aim
family planning contraceptives more available reduce maternal deaths from unsafe abortions treat malnutrition improve diets to prevent stunting in children fight tropical diseases improve eductation
54
Bilateral, conditional or tied aid: China supplies
China has supplied arms, equipment, training and technology to the Nigerian armed forces In return Nigeria has permitted the imports of cheap Chinese goods but many are unhappy as they provide unfair competition to Nigerian businesses --> some electrical good have caused fires
55
Bilateral, conditional or tied aid: China investment
China has invested $4 billion in oil and infrastructure development projects in Nigeria In return Nigeria gave Chines oil firms contracts for oil exploration in the Niger Delta and the Chad Basin
56
Bilateral, conditional or tied aid: Railway networks
China provided Nigeria with an $11 billion loan to improve its railway networks In return Nigeria supplied PetroChina with 30000 barrels of oil a day
57
Environmental impacts of industrial growth
Pollution of nearby land and rivers as toxic waste is dumped or leaked Harmful pollutants go into open drains putting people and ecosystems at risk Breathing and lung problems come from the huge numbers of fumes
58
Environmental impacts of urban growth
squatter settlements are common in most cities services have not kept pace with the growing cities traffic congestion creates high levels of pollution
59
What percentage of forests have been destroyed due to urban growth?
70-80% of forests have been destroyed through logging, agriculture and urban development
60
Environmental impacts of mineral and oil extraction
tin mining has led to soil erosion and local water supplies were polluted oil spills have damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems leading to loss of species and unhealthy ecosystems oil spills can causes fires - release huge amounts of CO2 and cause acid rain
61
How is waste disposal a major issue from urban growth?
collection services are poor so it is dumped on the streets
62
Improvements on quality of life as a result of economic development
HDI improved from 0.467 in 2015 to 0.535 in 2021 --> reflecting the improvements in wealth, health and education Life expectancy was 45.67 years in 1982 but had risen to 55.44 years by 2022
63
Negative impacts of economic development on quality of life for the population
north is significantly less developed than the South - much larger percentage of population live in absolute poverty similar trend in literacy and health data
64
How many Nigerian's live in poverty?
2/3 of Nigerian's live in poverty
65
What is the definition of absolute poverty?
set standard in all countries which does not change over time usually people living on less than $2 a day

Geography (18 decks)

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