CHANGING HEALTH BEHAVIOURS

Question 1

What percentage of health-related diseases are attribute to behavior

A) 30%
B) 70%
C) 20%
D) 50%

Answer 1

D) 50%

Question 2

Which does NOT attribute to 80% of chronic disease:
A) smoking
B) drug use
C) inactivity
D) poor nutrition

Answer 2

B) drug use

Question 3

Programs to influence health behavior such as health promotion are most effective when

a) the patient creates the program
b) when there is no guided books
c) when there is a guided theory

Answer 3

c) when there is a guided theory

Question 4

an athlete may believe that training
eight hours a day would result in a marked
improvement in ability but not believe that he or she is
capable of training that hard. What does this display?

what is this an example of

A) only self-efficacy
B) self-esteem and self-efficacy
C) self-efficacy and locus of control
D) self-esteem

Answer 4

C) self-efficacy and locus of control

Question 5

What best defines self efficacy
A) The belief in oneself to succeed in a circumstance
B) The respect one has for themself
C) cross-sectional belief about control
D) internal belief that one’s method is more effective over another

Answer 5

A) The belief in oneself to succeed in a circumstance

Question 6

What does the acronym FALL refer to and what does it mean

Answer 6

Low self-efficacy: Fail, Avoid, Lack, Lose

Question 7

What does the acronym RISE refer to and what does it mean

Answer 7

high self-efficacy recovery, interest, strong, enjoy

Question 8

Which factor refers to whether an individual believes that a behavior is a good idea?

A) Subjective norms
B) Attitude
C) Self-efficacy
D) Follow through

Answer 8

B) Attitude

Question 9

What does “subjective norms” relate to in the context of behavior change?

A) Personal beliefs about capability
B) Personal motivation levels
C) Intentions translating into actions
D) Opinions and beliefs of others

Answer 9

D) Opinions and beliefs of others

Question 10

Which factor involves an individual’s belief in their own ability to perform a behavior?

A) Attitude
B) Follow through
C) Subjective norms
D) Self-efficacy

Answer 10

D) Self-efficacy

Question 11

What is the term for the process of turning intentions into actual actions?

A) Attitude
B) Self-efficacy
C) Follow through
D) Subjective norms

Answer 11

C) Follow through

Question 12

Who introduced the concept of self-efficacy?
A) Ajzen
B) Albert Bandura
C) J.O. Prochaska
D) Glanz

Answer 12

B) Albert Bandura

Question 13

4. Which of the following refers to perceived control over one’s own life?
   A) Locus of control
   B) Self-esteem
   C) Decisional balance
   D) Behavioral intention

Answer 13

A) Locus of control

Question 14

An individual who believes their outcomes depend on luck or external circumstances has a(n):
A) Internal locus of control
B) Low self-esteem
C) High self-efficacy
D) External locus of control

Answer 14

D) External locus of control

Question 15

Self-efficacy differs from locus of control because:
A) It refers to control across situations
B) It’s a global belief system
C) It relates to specific situations and activities
D) It determines one’s self-worth

Answer 15

C) It relates to specific situations and activities

Question 16

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what does NOT directly affect intention to perform a behavior?
A) Attitude
B) Subjective norms
C) Self-efficacy
D) Age

Answer 16

D) Age

Question 17

Who proposed the Theory of Planned Behavior?
A) Ajzen
B) Bandura
C) Prochaska
D) Glanz

Answer 17

A) Ajzen

Question 18

Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model involves no intention to change behavior in the next six months?
A) Action
B) Precontemplation
C) Preparation
D) Maintenance

Answer 18

B) Precontemplation

Question 19

What is the main characteristic of the Contemplation stage?
A) No awareness of problems
B) Preparing a plan
C) Awareness of pros and cons
D) Already changing behavior

Answer 19

C) Awareness of pros and cons

Question 20

The Preparation stage involves:
A) No intention to act
B) Modifying lifestyle
C) Intending to act in the immediate future
D) No awareness of risks

Answer 20

C) Intending to act in the immediate future

Question 21

Which stage involves specific overt modifications to one’s lifestyle within the last six months?
A) Action
B) Maintenance
C) Precontemplation
D) Contemplation

Answer 21

A) Action

Question 22

What typically happens during the Maintenance stage?
A) No temptation to relapse
B) Regular use of change processes
C) Reduced temptation and fewer change processes
D) Complete absence of risk

Answer 22

C) Reduced temptation and fewer change processes

Question 23

The term “Decisional Balance” in TTM refers to:
A) Monitoring physiological responses
B) The pros and cons of behavior change
C) A relapse prevention plan
D) Social mastering

Answer 23

B) The pros and cons of behavior change

Question 24

Regression in TTM occurs when:
A) Progression to a later stage happens
B) Relapse to an earlier stage occurs
C) There’s no change
D) Action is maintained

Answer 24

B) Relapse to an earlier stage occurs

Question 25

In TTM, Relapse specifically refers to regression from: A) Any stage to another B) Maintenance to Action C) Action or Maintenance to an earlier stage D) Contemplation to Precontemplation

Answer 25

C) Action or Maintenance to an earlier stage

Question 26

hich process of change involves increasing awareness of a behavior's risks? A) Self-reevaluation B) Consciousness raising C) Reinforcement management D) Helping relationship

Answer 26

B) Consciousness raising

Question 27

Dramatic relief involves: A) Emotional arousal about behavior risks B) Commitment to change C) Social support D) Avoidance

Answer 27

A) Emotional arousal about behavior risks

Question 28

Which process of change includes removing cues for unhealthy behavior? A) Social liberation B) Stimulus control C) Counter conditioning D) Environmental reevaluation

Answer 28

B) Stimulus control

Question 29

Helping relationship refers to: A) Self-commitment B) Emotional arousal C) Social support during behavior change D) Increasing awareness

Answer 29

C) Social support during behavior change

Question 30

Counter-conditioning involves: A) Avoiding stress B) Using substitute behaviors C) Ignoring problems D) Emotional arousal

Answer 30

B) Using substitute behaviors

Question 31

Reinforcement management entails: A) Punishing poor behavior B) Ignoring behavior C) Rewarding positive behavior changes D) Avoiding risk

Answer 31

C) Rewarding positive behavior changes

Question 32

23. Self-liberation is about: A) Controlling external cues B) Emotional relief C) Making firm commitments to change D) Reducing temptation

Answer 32

C) Making firm commitments to change

Question 33

What is Motivational Interviewing primarily designed for? A) Diagnosing chronic illness B) Increasing motivation for behavior change C) Analyzing medications D) Testing for self-efficacy

Answer 33

B) Increasing motivation for behavior change

Question 34

A key principle of Motivational Interviewing is: A) Confrontation B) Reducing resistance through empathy C) Punishing poor choices D) Ignoring patient goals

Answer 34

B) Reducing resistance through empathy

Question 35

The Social Ecological Model focuses on: A) Individual attitudes only B) Multiple levels influencing health behavior C) Only environmental factors D) Only biological factors

Answer 35

B) Multiple levels influencing health behavior

Question 36

An individual believing that studying harder improves grades shows: A) External locus of control B) Internal locus of control C) High risk behavior D) Chronic contemplation

Answer 36

B) Internal locus of control

Question 37

In TPB, subjective norms are: A) Personal attitudes B) Beliefs about others' expectations C) Emotional reactions D) Self-worth

Answer 37

B) Beliefs about others' expectations

Question 38

According to TTM, people most likely to join a stop-smoking program are in: A) Precontemplation B) Preparation C) Contemplation D) Maintenance

Answer 38

B) Preparation

Question 39

Consciousness raising belongs to which process category? A) Experiential B) Behavioral C) Clinical D) Pharmacological

Answer 39

A) Experiential

Question 40

stimulus control belongs to which process category? A) Experiential B) Behavioral C) Environmental D) Emotional

Answer 40

B) Behavioral

Question 41

Which factor is NOT part of the TPB? A) Attitude B) Social norms C) Motivation interviewing D) Self-efficacy

Answer 41

C) Motivation interviewing

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of Social Liberation? A) Having a smoke-free restaurant policy B) Ignoring smoking risks C) Avoiding public places D) Emotional arousal

Answer 42

A) Having a smoke-free restaurant policy

Question 43

Self-efficacy increases in which TTM stage according to Marshall & Biddle (2001)? A) Precontemplation B) Action C) Regression D) Chronic contemplation

Answer 43

B) Action

Question 44

he TTM implies that change is: A) Instantaneous B) A staged process C) A singular event D) Always externally driven

Answer 44

B) A staged process

Question 45

In the TPB, what ultimately turns intention into behavior? A) Motivation B) Follow-through C) Peer pressure D) Environment

Answer 45

B) Follow-through